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Related Concept Videos

Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

82.7K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

Transcription Elongation Factors

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Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
The transcription elongation is regulated via pausing of RNA polymerase on several occasions during transcription. In bacteria, these halts are necessary because the transcription of DNA into mRNA is coupled to the translation of that mRNA...
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Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

Transcription Elongation Factors

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4.8K
General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

7.0K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
7.0K
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

7.8K
Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
7.8K
Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

9.7K
Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
9.7K

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Related Experiment Video

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Synthetic Antigen Controls for Immunohistochemistry
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Synthetic Antigen Controls for Immunohistochemistry

Published on: August 23, 2021

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Synthetic Transcription Factors Switch from Local to Long-Range Control during Cell Differentiation.

Takeo Wada1, Sandrine Wallerich1, Attila Becskei1

  • 1Biozentrum , University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 50/70 , 4056 Basel , Switzerland.

ACS Synthetic Biology
|January 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Synthetic transcription factors (TFs) offer gene control but face challenges. This study shows TALE activators

Keywords:
CTCFepigeneticgradienthydroxymethylationneuronsynthetic biology

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Regulation
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Gene expression in higher eukaryotes relies on complex promoter and enhancer interactions.
  • Controlling mammalian gene expression with synthetic transcription factors (TFs) remains challenging due to combinatorial regulation.
  • The protocadherin gene array is typically silent in mouse embryonic stem (ES) and neuronal progenitor cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how synthetic TALE transcriptional activators and repressors influence gene expression within a gene array during cellular differentiation.
  • To understand the regulatory logic changes affecting gene activation during cell differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized synthetic TALE transcriptional activators and repressors.
  • Examined gene expression in a protocadherin gene array in mouse ES and neuronal progenitor cells.
  • Analyzed changes in CpG methylation to understand long-range effects.

Main Results:

  • A TALE activator specifically activated the target gene at the promoter in ES cells.
  • During differentiation into neuronal progenitors, the same TALE activator acted as an enhancer, activating distant genes stochastically.
  • Long-range gene activation correlated with alterations in CpG methylation patterns.

Conclusions:

  • The precision of TF-based gene control is limited by cellular differentiation stage.
  • Synthetic TFs can exhibit distinct regulatory behaviors (promoter-specific vs. enhancer-like) depending on the cell's differentiation state.
  • Findings highlight opportunities and limitations for TF-based therapies in controlling gene expression across different cell types and differentiation stages.