Three-dimensional structure of antiphase domains in GaP on Si(0 0 1)

Antiphase domains are three-dimensional crystal defects commonly arising at the interface of III-V semiconductors and Si. While control over their formation has been achieved, the geometry of the antiphase domain itself that is separated from the mainphase of the crystal by the so-called antiphase boundary, has not yet been fully understood. In this work, we first investigate the interface between GaP and Si itself by cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy (XSTM) to reveal possible intermixing within an 8 monolayers wide region. Furthermore, we present an extensive analysis combining transmission electron microscopy and XSTM to elucidate the shape of antiphase domains in GaP. To create a true-to-scale, three-dimensional model of an antiphase domain, firstly, plan-view transmission electron microscopy images are drawn on. Subsequently, the progression of many antiphase boundaries through the GaP crystal as viewed from the (1 1 0) and (1 [Formula: see text] 0) cleavage planes is analyzed all the way down to the atomic level by means of XSTM. This enables a detailed analysis of the shape and physical dimensions of the antiphase domains. A typical measured extension in growth directions is found to be a maximum of 60 nm and the maximum measured extension of the base plane in [[Formula: see text] 1 0] and [1 1 0] directions is about 160 nm and 50 nm, respectively. They appear as pyramids with anisotropic base planes whose side facets kink many times.