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Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Evaluating the Electrochemical Properties of Supercapacitors using the Three-Electrode System
Published on: January 7, 2022
Three-Dimensional Porous Ti₃C₂Tx-NiO Composite Electrodes with Enhanced Electrochemical Performance for
Kaicheng Zhang1, Guobing Ying2, Lu Liu3
1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Mechanics and Materials, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China. zhangkc1995@163.com.
Abstract:
Ti₃C₂Tx and Ti₃C₂Tx-NiO composites with three-dimensional (3D) porous networks were successfully fabricated via vacuum freeze-drying. The microstructure, absorption, and electrochemical properties of the developed composites were investigated. Nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles could be evenly distributed on the three-dimensional network of three-dimensional Ti₃C₂Tx using solution processing. When employed as electrochemical capacitor electrodes in 1 M environmentally friendly sodium sulfate, Na₂SO₄, solution, the three-dimensional porous Ti₃C₂Tx-NiO composite electrodes exhibited considerable volume specific capacitance as compared to three-dimensional porous Ti₃C₂Tx. The three-dimensional porous Ti₃C₂Tx-NiO composite delivered a remarkable cycling performance with a capacitance retention of up to 114% over 2500 cycles. The growth trend of the capacitance with NiO content shows that nickel oxide plays a crucial role in the composite electrodes. These results present a roadmap for the development of convenient and economical supercapacitors in consideration with the possibilities of morphological control and the extensibility of the process.
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