Pharmacologic Treatment Tools: Systemic Medications and Toxins, Opportunities, and Pitfalls
Peter Riedel1, Michael H Marino2
1Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Moss Rehab, 60 Township Line Road, Elkins Park, PA 19027, USA.
Abstract:
Treatment of pathologic muscle overactivity associated with upper motor neuron syndrome can be multifaceted. One of the initial decisions to be made when formulating an overarching treatment plan is selecting a combination of strategies that is most applicable. Strategies may include physical interventions, such as stretching or splinting modalities, or surgery, whereas pharmacotherapeutic strategies encompass oral/systemic medications as well as agents, such as toxins and alcohols, used for focal chemodenervation. This article reviews the oral/systemic therapies as well as toxins that are used focally. Although medication can also be administered via intrathecal pumps, this treatment approach is discussed elsewhere.
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