Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Colonization of Land02:22

The Colonization of Land

37.6K
Changes in the environment of the early Earth drove the evolution of organisms. As prokaryotic organisms in the oceans began to photosynthesize, they produced oxygen. Eventually, oxygen saturated the oceans and entered the air, resulting in an increase in atmospheric oxygen concentration, known as the oxygen revolution approximately 2.3 billion years ago. Therefore, organisms that could use oxygen for cellular respiration had an advantage. More than 1.5 years ago, eukaryotic cells and...
37.6K
Infertility in Males01:23

Infertility in Males

567
Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
567
The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness02:19

The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness

8.2K
The Y chromosome is a sex chromosome found in several vertebrates and mammals, including humans. In addition to 22 pairs of autosomes, the human males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. In these organisms, the presence or absence of the Y chromosome determines the development of male traits.
Evolution
Around 300 million years ago, the two sex chromosomes diverged from two identical autosomal chromosomes. Over time, the Y chromosome has lost most of its genes, shrinking in size....
8.2K
Disorders of the Male Reproductive System01:20

Disorders of the Male Reproductive System

5.1K
Men's health issues are increasingly recognized as significant, with several conditions posing common threats. Among these, testicular cancer is especially prevalent in younger men, particularly those aged 20 to 35 years. The disease often manifests as a painless mass in the testicles, sometimes accompanied by a sensation of heaviness or a dull ache.
Prostate disorders are another major concern. These conditions can impair urinary flow due to the prostate's location around the urethra....
5.1K
Microbial Morphologies01:29

Microbial Morphologies

2.5K
Bacterial and archaeal cells exhibit remarkable diversity in shape and structure, critical in their adaptability and functionality. Among bacteria, the most commonly observed shapes include cocci and bacilli. Cocci are spherical and may exist singly or in groupings such as pairs (diplococci), chains (streptococci), clusters (staphylococci), or tetrads. Bacilli, in contrast, are rod-shaped and can also occur as single cells, in pairs, or chains, depending on their environmental and genetic...
2.5K
Microbial Fermentation01:23

Microbial Fermentation

1.5K
Fermentation is a crucial anaerobic metabolic process that enables microbes to derive energy from sugar without relying on oxygen or an electron transport chain. This process is fundamental to various biological and industrial applications and is classified based on the metabolic products generated.Role of Pyruvate in FermentationPyruvate and its derivatives serve as key electron acceptors in fermentative pathways. The oxidation of NADH to regenerate NAD+ is essential for the continuation of...
1.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Conservation Units for Anadromous Arctic Char (<i>Salvelinus alpinus</i>) in the Canadian Arctic Informed by Genetic Structure, Population Connectivity and Adaptive Genomic Variation.

Evolutionary applications·2026
Same author

Sexual Antagonism and Sex Determination in Three Syngnathid Species Alongside a Male Pregnancy Gradient.

Genome biology and evolution·2025
Same author

Surviving on Limited Resources: Effects of Caloric Restriction on Growth, Gene Expression and Gut Microbiota in a Species With Male Pregnancy (Hippocampus erectus).

Molecular ecology·2025
Same author

The Chromosome-level Genome of the Ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi A. Agassiz, 1865 Reveals a Unique Immune Gene Repertoire.

Genome biology and evolution·2025
Same author

Parent-Specific Transgenerational Immune Priming Enhances Offspring Defense-Unless Heat Stress Negates It All.

Ecology and evolution·2024
Same author

Development of SNP Panels from Low-Coverage Whole Genome Sequencing (lcWGS) to Support Indigenous Fisheries for Three Salmonid Species in Northern Canada.

Molecular ecology resources·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Monitoring Spatial Segregation in Surface Colonizing Microbial Populations
07:40

Monitoring Spatial Segregation in Surface Colonizing Microbial Populations

Published on: October 29, 2016

11.6K

Microbial embryonal colonization during pipefish male pregnancy.

Anne Beemelmanns1, Maude Poirier1, Till Bayer1

  • 1GEOMAR Helmholtz-Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Fishes, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105, Kiel, Germany.

Scientific Reports
|January 11, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Parental transfer of microbes is complex. In pipefish, distinct maternal and paternal microbial communities were found, with immune activation influencing microbial richness during male pregnancy, impacting offspring colonization.

More Related Videos

A Method to Define the Effects of Environmental Enrichment on Colon Microbiome Biodiversity in a Mouse Colon Tumor Model
08:14

A Method to Define the Effects of Environmental Enrichment on Colon Microbiome Biodiversity in a Mouse Colon Tumor Model

Published on: February 28, 2018

9.3K
Transabdominal Ultrasound for Pregnancy Diagnosis in Reeves' Muntjac Deer
09:26

Transabdominal Ultrasound for Pregnancy Diagnosis in Reeves' Muntjac Deer

Published on: January 7, 2014

10.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Monitoring Spatial Segregation in Surface Colonizing Microbial Populations
07:40

Monitoring Spatial Segregation in Surface Colonizing Microbial Populations

Published on: October 29, 2016

11.6K
A Method to Define the Effects of Environmental Enrichment on Colon Microbiome Biodiversity in a Mouse Colon Tumor Model
08:14

A Method to Define the Effects of Environmental Enrichment on Colon Microbiome Biodiversity in a Mouse Colon Tumor Model

Published on: February 28, 2018

9.3K
Transabdominal Ultrasound for Pregnancy Diagnosis in Reeves' Muntjac Deer
09:26

Transabdominal Ultrasound for Pregnancy Diagnosis in Reeves' Muntjac Deer

Published on: January 7, 2014

10.8K

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Microbiome Research
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Parental transfer of microbiota influences offspring colonization.
  • Distinguishing microbial transfer routes (transovarial vs. pregnancy) is challenging in viviparous animals.
  • Syngnathids (pipefish and seahorses) offer a unique model due to male pregnancy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate microbial community dynamics in maternal and paternal reproductive tracts of pipefish during male pregnancy.
  • To assess the impact of parental immune activation on microbial composition and richness.
  • To understand sex-specific microbial contributions to embryonic development.

Main Methods:

  • Sequencing of microbial 16S rRNA genes from maternal gonads and paternal brood pouches.
  • Sampling of non-pregnant and pregnant fathers.
  • Immunological activation of parents using heat-killed bacteria.

Main Results:

  • Maternal gonads and paternal brood pouches harbor distinct microbial communities.
  • Parental immune activation induced a shift in microbial community structure.
  • Immune activation led to increased microbiota richness during late pregnancy, coinciding with larval mouth opening.

Conclusions:

  • Syngnathid reproductive system allows disentanglement of parental microbial transfer routes.
  • Parental immune status significantly impacts the developing microbial communities.
  • Microbial shifts during late pregnancy may prepare the environment for crucial initial offspring colonization.