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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Advanced Functional Groups02:22

Overview of Advanced Functional Groups

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Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
Types of Advanced Functional Groups
The table below summarizes some of the major functional groups in organic chemistry.
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Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

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Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction01:30

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Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) encompasses a spectrum of heart conditions caused by sudden obstruction of coronary arteries, typically resulting from the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent thrombus (blood clot) formation. This obstruction can lead to partial or complete blockage of blood flow, causing varying degrees of myocardial ischemia or infarction.ACS includes the following clinical entities:Unstable Angina (UA)Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)ST-Elevation...
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction01:17

Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction

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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by functional disturbances in the gastrointestinal system, presenting a cluster of symptoms without evident structural or biochemical abnormalities. It primarily affects the large intestine and may cause abdominal pain, bloating, excessive gas, diarrhea, constipation, or both.
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Altered...
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Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques01:08

Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques

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Accurate analysis of complex samples often requires advanced preparation techniques to achieve reliable and reproducible results. Samples containing inorganic or organic materials can be challenging to dissolve or decompose effectively. Standard sample preparation methods include acid digestion, fusion, dry ashing, and wet digestion.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Conscious and Non-conscious Representations of Emotional Faces in Asperger's Syndrome
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Recent advances in Lynch syndrome.

Leah H Biller1, Sapna Syngal2,3,4, Matthew B Yurgelun5,6,7

  • 1Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.

Familial Cancer
|January 11, 2019
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Lynch syndrome, a common hereditary cancer risk, involves DNA mismatch repair defects. Recent advances improve diagnosis, understanding tumor development, and treatment, including immunotherapy.

Keywords:
Cancer geneticsHereditary cancer syndromesLynch syndrome

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Lynch syndrome is a frequent hereditary cancer predisposition.
  • It significantly elevates risks for colorectal, endometrial, and other cancers.
  • The underlying mechanisms of mismatch repair deficiency and microsatellite instability are established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in Lynch syndrome research.
  • Focus areas include epidemiology, molecular pathogenesis, diagnostics, and clinical management.
  • The review covers progress over the last five years.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on Lynch syndrome.
  • Synthesis of findings on molecular pathogenesis and diagnostics.
  • Analysis of clinical implications for surveillance and treatment.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress in diagnostic testing and understanding Lynch tumor molecular pathogenesis.
  • Growing awareness of genotype-phenotype correlations influencing cancer risk and surveillance.
  • Evolution in treatment strategies, notably the integration of immunotherapy for advanced Lynch-associated cancers.

Conclusions:

  • Recent advances have refined the understanding and management of Lynch syndrome.
  • Personalized surveillance and treatment strategies are increasingly informed by specific genetic mutations.
  • Immunotherapy represents a major therapeutic development for advanced Lynch-associated cancers.