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Related Concept Videos

Ribosomes01:27

Ribosomes

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Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome...
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Ribosomes01:27

Ribosomes

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Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
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Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome...
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Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
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Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

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Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...
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Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

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The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
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[Intersubunit Mobility of the Ribosome].

A V Finkelstein1,2, S V Razin2,3, A S Spirin1,2,4

  • 1Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow oblast, 142290 Russia.

Molekuliarnaia Biologiia
|January 12, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ribosomes, molecular machines synthesizing proteins, utilize intersubunit mobility to drive mRNA translocation during translation. This review explores how ribosome movement facilitates protein synthesis.

Keywords:
free energymolecular machinesrectification of Brownian motionribosometranslocationtranspeptidation

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Ribosomes are essential molecular machines responsible for protein synthesis in all living cells.
  • Protein synthesis involves translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into amino acid sequences.
  • Each translation step includes transpeptidation and translocation, with translocation driven by the energy from transpeptidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the critical role of ribosomal intersubunit mobility in the translocation process during protein synthesis.
  • To elucidate the mechanism by which ribosome movement facilitates mRNA and tRNA progression.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes existing research on ribosome structure and function.
  • Analysis focuses on the physical movements and conformational changes within the ribosome during translation.
  • Literature review of studies investigating ribosomal dynamics and translocation mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Ribosomal intersubunit mobility is integral to the unidirectional movement of mRNA and tRNA through the ribosome.
  • The translocation step is powered by the free energy released during the transpeptidation reaction.
  • The ribosome functions as a conveying molecular machine, with its mobility essential for efficient protein synthesis.

Conclusions:

  • Ribosomal intersubunit mobility is a key determinant of translocation efficiency.
  • Understanding ribosome dynamics provides insights into the fundamental process of protein synthesis.
  • Further research into ribosomal machine mechanics can inform drug development and synthetic biology.