The bis-dimethylfluoreneaniline organic dye sensitizers for solar cells: A theoretical study and design

Development of novel dye sensitizers with suitable optoelectronic properties is effective to improve the power conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Considering the effectiveness of conjugate bridges in modification of optoelectronic properties, based on the dye sensitizers C201, C203, C204 and C205, five kinds of organic dye sensitizers are designed with different thiophene-based moieties and the functionalized graphene flakes (GFs) as conjugate bridges. The performances of these dye sensitizers are analyzed in terms of the calculated geometries, electronic structures and excitation properties. The transition configurations and molecular orbitals of dye sensitizers suggest that bis-dimethylfluoreneaniline is effective electron donor, and the transitions of optical absorption in visible region are charge transfer excitations. The conjugate lengths, energy level alignments, light harvesting capabilities, excitation character, and transition properties, as well as the free energy variations for electron injection and dye regeneration support that the designed dye sensitizers are effective to be applied in DSSCs. Particularly, introducing the functionalized GF into conjugate bridges significantly elongate conjugate length, reduce orbital energy gap, lead to denser distribution of orbital energy, generate red-shift of absorption spectra, enhance light harvesting capability, increase absorption bands and coefficients. Therefore, introducing the functionalized GF into conjugate bridges is effective, and the designed panchromatic dye sensitizer C20x-GF-BTD must be better than other designed dye sensitizers for DSSCs.