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Decrease of gene expression diversity during domestication of animals and plants.

Wei Liu1,2, Lei Chen1,3, Shilai Zhang4

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.

BMC Evolutionary Biology
|January 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Domestication generally reduces gene expression diversity in both animals and plants, impacting genome-wide variation. This finding offers new insights into the genetic mechanisms driving artificial selection beyond reduced genetic diversity.

Keywords:
DecreaseDomesticationGene expression diversity

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The genetic basis of animal and plant domestication has long intrigued scientists.
  • However, comprehensive understanding of global gene expression shifts during domestication remains limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate genome-wide gene expression patterns during domestication.
  • To compare expression profiles between domestic species and their wild progenitors.

Main Methods:

  • Collected and analyzed transcriptome data from seven pairs of domestic animals and plants and their wild relatives.
  • Compared gene expression profiles, focusing on whole-genome gene sets (WGGS) and candidate selected gene sets (CSGS).

Main Results:

  • Domestic species exhibited lower gene expression diversity compared to wild progenitors across plants and various animal types (insects, birds, mammals).
  • This reduction in diversity was evident in WGGS, CSGS, and non-CSGS, with CSGS showing a more pronounced decrease.
  • Identified 6,892 candidate selected genes in rice (7.57% of WGGS), indicating domestication affected fewer than 8% of all genes.

Conclusions:

  • Domestication alters genome-wide gene expression variation, generally decreasing expression diversity.
  • This decrease in expression diversity may correlate with reduced genetic diversity.
  • Findings provide transcriptome-level insights into artificial selection mechanisms, complementing existing theories on genetic diversity and linkage disequilibrium.