Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Detection of Anti-MDA5 Autoantibodies Using HeLa Cells and Immunocytochemistry with Light Microscopy
Published on: October 31, 2025
A Functional Idiotype/Anti-Idiotype Network Is Active in Genetically Gluten-Intolerant Individuals Negative for Both
Sara Quaglia1, Fortunato Ferrara2, Luigina De Leo1
1Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Burlo Garofolo, Trieste 34137, Italy.
Abstract:
An unbalance between Abs that recognize an autoantigen (idiotypes; IDs) and Igs that bind such Abs (anti-IDs) is considered a functional event in autoimmune disorders. We investigated the presence of an ID/anti-ID network in celiac disease (CD), a condition in which antitissue transglutaminase 2 (TG2) Abs are suspected to contribute to CD pathogenesis. To characterize the ID side, we reproduced by in vitro yeast display the intestine-resident Abs from CD and control patients. These TG2-specific IDs were used to identify potential anti-IDs in the serum. We observed elevated titers of anti-IDs in asymptomatic patients with predisposition to CD and demonstrated that anti-ID depletion from the serum restores a detectable humoral response against TG2. Our study provides an alternative approach to quantify CD-related autoantibodies in cases that would be defined "negative serology" with current diagnostic applications. Therefore, we suggest that developments of this technology could be designed for perspective routine tests.
Related Concept Videos
Network Function of a Circuit
Digestive Functions of the Large Intestine
As the chyme moves to the colon, it triggers two characteristic sluggish contractions - haustral churning and mass peristalsis. Haustral churning involves the rhythmic contraction and relaxation...
Protein Networks
These interactions can be represented through maps depicting protein-protein interaction networks, represented as nodes and edges. Nodes are circles that are representative of a protein,...
Serum Studies: Renal Function Tests
Negative Regulator Molecules
Network Covalent Solids
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...

