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Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Murine Superficial Lymph Node Surgery
Published on: May 21, 2012
Changes in high endothelial venules in lymph nodes after vascularized and nonvascularized lymph node transfer in a
Kosuke Ishikawa1, Emi Funayama1, Taku Maeda1
1Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
Background And Objectives:
Vascularized lymph node transfer (LNT) is gaining popularity in the treatment of lymphedema. However, it is unclear whether the vascularization of transferred lymph nodes (LNs) contributes to functional improvement. High endothelial venules (HEVs) are specialized vessels that allow lymphocytes to enter LNs. In this study, we compared the numbers of HEVs and lymphocytes in LNs after vascularized and nonvascularized LNT.
Methods:
Fifty mice were divided into three groups (group 1, pedicled vascularized LNT; group 2, pedicled nonvascularized LNT; group 3, free nonvascularized LNT). Afferent lymphatic reconnection was confirmed by patent blue staining. The transferred LNs were harvested 4 weeks after surgery. HEVs, B-cells, and T-cells were subjected to immunohistochemical staining and quantified.
Results:
Afferent lymphatic reconnection was observed in 13 of 20 transferred LNs in group 1, 11 of 15 in group 2, and 7 of 15 in group 3. The ratio of dilated/total HEVs in transferred LNs with afferent lymphatic reconnection was significantly higher in group 1 than in groups 2 and 3. No significant differences in numbers of B-cells and T-cells were found in the transferred LNs.
Conclusions:
We found that more functional HEVs were preserved in cases with successful afferent lymphatic reconnection after vascularized LNT than after nonvascularized LNT.
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