Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Fundamentals of Nursing Process I01:27

Fundamentals of Nursing Process I

8.7K
The nursing process is the core of practice for every registered nurse to deliver holistic, patient-focused care. The following are the five steps in the nursing process.
8.7K
Fundamentals of Nursing Process II01:25

Fundamentals of Nursing Process II

5.5K
There are several characteristics related to delivering nursing care. One vital characteristic of the nursing process is that it can be used to protect nurses and justify the provided care. Productive use of the nursing process requires the knowledge and skills of nurses to assess and solve issues. Nurses should develop and strengthen their critical thinking skills and evidence-based nursing interventions to improve their skills in formulating nursing care plans. A well-defined approach to...
5.5K
Fundamental Attribution Error01:14

Fundamental Attribution Error

13.8K
According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
13.8K
What is Variation?01:14

What is Variation?

18.4K
Apart from the measures of central tendency, distribution, outliers, and the changing characteristics of data with time, an important characteristic of any data set is its variation or spread. In some data sets, the data values are concentrated closely near the mean; in others, the data values are more widely spread out from the mean.
The range, standard deviation, standard error, and variance are the different measures of variation.
Range: The range is the difference between its maximum and...
18.4K
Language01:16

Language

909
Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
909
Variation01:19

Variation

8.0K
An important characteristic of any set of data is the variation in the data. In some data sets, the data values are concentrated closely near the mean; in other data sets, the data values are more widely spread out from the mean. The most common measure of variation, or spread, is the standard deviation, which is the square root of variance.
When independent and dependent variables are plotted on a scatter plot, the slope of a line is a value that describes the rate of change between the two...
8.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Not just two languages: Using variation in language experience to understand how cognitive resources shape syntactic processing.

PloS one·2026
Same author

The generalizability issue in studying inflectional processing in real time: the potential effects of suffixal characteristics.

Cognitive processing·2025
Same author

"Todes" and "Todxs", linguistic innovations or grammatical gender violations?

Cognition·2025
Same author

Cognitive control and language ability contribute to online reading comprehension: Implications for older adult bilinguals.

The international journal of bilingualism : cross-disciplinary, cross-linguistic studies of language behavior·2024
Same author

Translation ambiguity but not word class predicts translation performance.

Bilingualism (Cambridge, England)·2023
Same author

Do Cross-Language Script Differences Enable Bilinguals to Function Selectively When Speaking in One Language Alone?

Frontiers in communication·2022
Same journal

Continuous Effects of Language Ability and Relative Proficiency on Bilingual Children's Production of Four Advanced Syntactic Constructions.

Bilingualism (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same journal

Influence of Language Dominance on Crosslinguistic and Nonlinguistic Interference Resolution in Bilinguals.

Bilingualism (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same journal

L1 and L2 Contributions to English Reading in Middle School Struggling Readers.

Bilingualism (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same journal

Investigating individual differences in adult bilinguals' spelling of cognates: An analysis of cross-linguistic effects.

Bilingualism (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same journal

Adaptive language control between comprehension and production in bilinguals.

Bilingualism (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same journal

From early communication to bimodal vocabulary acquisition: A longitudinal study of hearing children with deaf mothers from infancy to school-age years.

Bilingualism (Cambridge, England)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task
05:31

Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task

Published on: February 26, 2020

15.6K

Bilingualism reveals fundamental variation in language processing.

Melinda Fricke1, Megan Zirnstein2, Christian Navarro-Torres2

  • 1Department of Linguistics, University of Pittsburgh.

Bilingualism (Cambridge, England)
|January 15, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bilingualism offers a unique perspective on how language shapes cognition. Studying individuals who actively use two languages reveals fundamental insights into language processing and learning principles.

Keywords:
Bilingualismcognitive controlindividual differences in language processing

More Related Videos

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
09:27

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

Published on: October 13, 2018

10.7K
Decomposing the Variance in Reading Comprehension to Reveal the Unique and Common Effects of Language and Decoding
06:33

Decomposing the Variance in Reading Comprehension to Reveal the Unique and Common Effects of Language and Decoding

Published on: October 11, 2018

7.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task
05:31

Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task

Published on: February 26, 2020

15.6K
Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
09:27

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

Published on: October 13, 2018

10.7K
Decomposing the Variance in Reading Comprehension to Reveal the Unique and Common Effects of Language and Decoding
06:33

Decomposing the Variance in Reading Comprehension to Reveal the Unique and Common Effects of Language and Decoding

Published on: October 11, 2018

7.2K

Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Cognitive Science
  • Bilingualism Studies

Background:

  • Individual differences in language processing are a long-standing topic in psycholinguistics.
  • Recent research increasingly explores the cognitive consequences of bilingualism.
  • The interplay between language and cognition is a key area of investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the fundamental dynamics between language and cognition through the lens of bilingualism.
  • To understand how the active use of two languages illuminates language processing and use.
  • To propose bilingualism as a foundational model for understanding language learning and use.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of existing psycholinguistic literature on language variation.
  • Review of studies on the cognitive effects of bilingualism.
  • Theoretical argumentation for bilingualism as a central model.

Main Results:

  • The active use of two languages provides critical insights into language-cognition interactions.
  • Bilingualism is not a special case but a fundamental aspect of language and cognition.
  • The study of bilinguals can inform general principles of language acquisition and use.

Conclusions:

  • Bilingualism serves as a crucial framework for understanding the relationship between language processing and cognitive function.
  • The dynamics revealed through bilingualism research can generalize to principles of language learning and use.
  • Future models of language acquisition and processing should consider the insights gained from bilingual individuals.