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Related Concept Videos

Arteries of Lower Limbs01:20

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The external iliac artery transitions out of the body cavity, entering the femoral region of the lower leg, and is renamed the femoral artery at the point where it traverses the body wall. This artery is responsible for the distribution of blood to the thigh's deep muscles and the skin's ventral and lateral regions, achieved through several minor branches and the lateral deep femoral artery, which also spawns a lateral circumflex artery. The knee area receives blood from the genicular...
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The human body consists of an intricate network of veins responsible for the crucial task of blood drainage from the lower limbs. These veins can be categorized into two main types: deep veins and superficial veins.
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Veins of Upper Limbs01:17

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The human circulatory system, a marvel of biological engineering, is a complex network of vessels that transport blood throughout the body. Among these, the veins responsible for carrying blood from the upper limbs are divided into two categories: deep and superficial.
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The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
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The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side...
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The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Methods for Acute and Subacute Murine Hindlimb Ischemia
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Acute Limb Ischemia.

Hideaki Obara1, Kentaro Matsubara1, Yuko Kitagawa1

  • 1Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

Annals of Vascular Diseases
|January 15, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Acute limb ischemia (ALI) is a critical condition requiring prompt treatment to save limbs and lives. Early diagnosis and appropriate interventions, including surgery or endovascular procedures, are vital for managing this serious vascular emergency.

Keywords:
acute limb ischemiaembolectomyendovascular treatmenthybrid therapythrombolysis

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Area of Science:

  • Vascular Surgery
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Acute limb ischemia (ALI) is a sudden reduction in lower limb blood flow.
  • It poses a significant risk to limb viability and patient survival if not treated promptly.
  • Common causes include arterial embolism and thrombosis, often associated with comorbidities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of acute limb ischemia (ALI).
  • To discuss the diagnosis, treatment strategies, and prognosis of ALI.
  • To emphasize the urgency of appropriate and timely medical intervention.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical findings and diagnostic imaging are used to assess ALI severity.
  • Treatment options include open surgical revascularization, endovascular therapy, or hybrid approaches.
  • Intraoperative angiography is crucial for evaluating lesions and guiding further treatment.

Main Results:

  • Prompt diagnosis and treatment are critical for improving outcomes in ALI.
  • Limb amputation may be necessary for irreversible ischemia to preserve life.
  • Systemic heparin administration is a key component of management.

Conclusions:

  • ALI is a serious vascular emergency demanding immediate and effective treatment.
  • The choice of treatment strategy depends on the severity and nature of the ischemia.
  • Optimal initial management at the facility level is essential for patient prognosis.