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Reducing ammonia volatilization from paddy field with rice straw derived biochar
Xue Sun1, Ting Zhong1, Lu Zhang1
1Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
The Science of the Total Environment
|January 15, 2019
Summary
Rice straw biochar significantly reduces ammonia volatilization in paddy fields, improving nitrogen fertilizer efficiency and boosting rice yields. This sustainable practice enhances soil health and agricultural productivity.
Area of Science:
- Agricultural Science
- Soil Science
- Environmental Science
Background:
- Ammonia (NH3) volatilization is a significant nitrogen loss in paddy fields, impacting fertilizer efficiency and crop yields.
- Incorporating organic materials like rice straw and biochar is explored for soil improvement and sustainable agriculture.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the effectiveness of rice straw and rice straw-derived biochar in controlling ammonia volatilization in paddy fields.
- To assess the impact of these amendments on rice yield, nitrogen uptake, and soil microbial properties.
Main Methods:
- A field experiment was conducted using four treatments: control (CK), rice straw (RS), low-rate biochar (RSBL), and high-rate biochar (RSBH).
- Nitrogen fertilizer was applied at a conventional rate (270 kg N ha⁻¹).
- Ammonia volatilization, rice yield, plant nitrogen content, and soil microbial gene abundance (amoA) were measured.
Main Results:
- Biochar incorporation significantly reduced cumulative ammonia volatilization by approximately 20% compared to straw application.
- All treatments (RS, RSBL, RSBH) significantly decreased the ratio of NH3-N to total N input compared to the control.
- Biochar treatments promoted rice yields, aboveground plant N, and the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (amoA genes).
- Reduced volatilization was linked to decreased ammonium-N in surface water, enhanced rice growth, and promoted ammonia oxidation.
- Biochar amendment increased soil pH and cation exchange capacity (CEC), improving nitrogen retention.
Conclusions:
- Rice straw-derived biochar is a promising amendment for controlling ammonia volatilization in paddy fields.
- Substituting rice straw with biochar can enhance nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency and increase rice yields.
- Biochar application positively influences soil properties and nitrogen cycling, contributing to agricultural sustainability.
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