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Phenotypes of wheezing and asthma in preschool children

Christina G Kwong1, Leonard B Bacharier

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.

Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|January 15, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Preschool wheezing phenotypes are diverse and influenced by early life environmental factors. Understanding these patterns is key to developing targeted prevention strategies for childhood asthma.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Environmental Health
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Early life wheezing is a common respiratory issue in preschoolers.
  • Wheezing patterns exhibit variations across different populations and environmental contexts.
  • Environmental exposures in early life are increasingly recognized as significant factors influencing respiratory health outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize the identified phenotypes of preschool wheezing.
  • To explore the relationship between early life environmental exposures and wheezing phenotypes.
  • To discuss the future trajectories of preschool wheezing phenotypes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on preschool wheezing phenotypes.
  • Analysis of commonalities and differences in wheezing patterns across populations.
  • Examination of the impact of environmental exposures on wheezing phenotypes.

Main Results:

  • Preschool wheezing phenotypes are heterogeneous and complex.
  • Environmental exposures such as allergens, microbes, tobacco smoke, and maternal stress are differentially associated with wheezing phenotypes.
  • Elevated immunoglobulin E (IgE) in early life may correlate with future asthma risk.

Conclusions:

  • Preschool wheezing phenotypes are influenced by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors.
  • Further research is needed to fully characterize these relationships and inform prevention strategies.
  • Targeted prevention strategies for childhood asthma may emerge from a deeper understanding of wheezing phenotypes.
Abstract

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