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    This study introduces a novel interferometer protocol using orbital angular momentum for precise angular displacement estimation. The proposed method achieves super-resolution and super-sensitivity, outperforming existing protocols.

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    Area of Science:

    • Quantum optics
    • Interferometry
    • Metrology

    Background:

    • Accurate angular displacement estimation is crucial in various scientific fields.
    • Existing interferometric techniques face limitations in resolution and sensitivity.
    • Orbital angular momentum (OAM) offers unique properties for enhanced measurements.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a novel protocol for angular displacement estimation using OAM.
    • To investigate the performance of an SU(1,1)-SU(2) hybrid interferometer.
    • To analyze the impact of photon loss and compare with existing methods.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of an SU(1,1)-SU(2) hybrid interferometer.
    • Incorporation of orbital angular momentum for enhanced measurement.
    • Utilizing balanced homodyne detection for signal readout.
    • Analysis of photon loss effects on protocol performance.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed protocol achieves super-resolution and super-sensitivity in ideal conditions.
    • Photon loss was found to degrade resolution and sensitivity.
    • The OAM-enhanced protocol demonstrates advantages over standard SU(1,1) interferometers.

    Conclusions:

    • The SU(1,1)-SU(2) hybrid interferometer protocol offers enhanced angular displacement estimation.
    • Orbital angular momentum significantly boosts measurement precision.
    • The protocol shows robustness and potential for practical applications.