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HIV-exposed-uninfected infants have increased inflammation and monocyte activation

Sahera Dirajlal-Fargo1,2,3, Marisa M Mussi-Pinhata4, Adriana Weinberg5

  • 1University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center.

AIDS (London, England)
|January 17, 2019
PubMed

Insights

HIV-exposed-uninfected infants show heightened inflammation and monocyte activation at birth, persisting to six months. This inflammation may contribute to increased illness and impaired growth in these infants.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • HIV-exposed-uninfected (HEU) infants experience higher rates of infectious illness and mortality.
  • Limited understanding exists regarding inflammation and monocyte activation levels in HEU infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare levels of inflammation and monocyte activation markers in HEU infants versus HIV-unexposed infants.
  • To determine the persistence of these markers from birth to six months of age.

Main Methods:

  • Plasma samples from 86 HEU and 88 HIV-unexposed mother-infant pairs were analyzed at birth and 6 months.
  • Assayed inflammatory markers included IL-6, sTNF-RI, sTNF-RII, sCD14, sCD163, IP-10, VCAM, oxLDL, D-dimer, and hs-CRP.
  • Maternal HIV-RNA levels and infant outcomes (gestational age, weight, height) were recorded.

Main Results:

  • HEU infants exhibited higher inflammatory markers at birth, with soluble TNFα receptor I (sTNF-RI) and IL-6 persisting at 6 months.
  • HEU infants had lower mean gestational age and birth weight compared to controls.
  • Elevated hs-CRP and IP-10 at birth correlated with lower infant weight at birth and 6 months.

Conclusions:

  • HEU infants present with heightened inflammation and monocyte activation at birth, which can persist to 6 months.
  • This inflammation is not directly linked to the mother's inflammatory status.
  • Inflammation may be a contributing factor to increased infectious morbidity and poor growth observed in HEU infants.
Abstract

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