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Sleep deprivation differentially affects subcomponents of cognitive control.

Anikó Kusztor1,2, Liisa Raud1, Bjørn E Juel3

  • 1Department of Psychology, Multimodal Imaging and Cognitive Control Lab, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

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Summary

Sleep deprivation impairs cognitive functions reliant on mental effort, such as sustained attention. Automatic cognitive processes, however, show greater resilience to sleep loss, indicating a breakdown in top-down control.

Keywords:
ERPcognitive controlerror monitoringresponse inhibitionsleep deprivationstop signal task

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Sleep deprivation is known to impair cognitive performance.
  • The precise mechanisms and most affected cognitive domains remain debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of sleep deprivation on attention and cognitive control.
  • To differentiate between automatic and effort-dependent cognitive processes under sleep loss.

Main Methods:

  • Laboratory-controlled overnight sleep deprivation in 24 participants.
  • Utilized a stop-signal task with electroencephalography (EEG) to record event-related potentials (ERPs).
  • Behavioral measures included reaction times, accuracy, and adjustment markers; neural measures included N2/P3 and ERN/Pe amplitudes.

Main Results:

  • 24 hours of sleep deprivation led to decreased sustained attention and reduced P300 and Pe amplitudes, indicating impaired top-down control.
  • N200 and ERN amplitudes, along with stop-signal reaction time, were resilient to sleep loss, highlighting the robustness of automatic processing.
  • Sleep deprivation selectively degrades cognitive functions requiring significant mental effort.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive functions heavily reliant on mental effort and capacity are more vulnerable to sleep deprivation.
  • Automatic control processes demonstrate higher resilience to the effects of sleep loss.
  • Findings elucidate the differential impact of sleep deprivation on distinct cognitive control mechanisms.