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Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Epitaxial Growth of Perovskite Strontium Titanate on Germanium via Atomic Layer Deposition
Published on: July 26, 2016
Crystalline Ammonium Peroxogermanate as a Waste-Free, Fully Recyclable Versatile Precursor for Germanium Compounds
Dmitry A Grishanov1, Andrei V Churakov1, Alexander G Medvedev1
1Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninskii prosp. 31 , Moscow 119991 , Russia.
Abstract:
High, nearly 100%, yield synthesis of ammonium peroxogermanate (APG), (NH4)6[Ge6(μ-OO)6(μ-O)6(OH)6]·6H2O, is presented, and its crystal structure is determined by single crystal X-ray study. It comprises centrosymmetric hexanuclear peroxogermanate anions [Ge6(μ-OO)6(μ-O)6(OH)6]6- with six μ-oxo- and six μ-peroxo groups forming negatively charged layers. The space between these layers is filled by ammonium cations and water molecules, forming a highly stable structure due to hydrogen bonding. Highly soluble macroporous amorphous germanium oxide (HSGO) is then synthesized by mild treatment of APG. The compound forms highly oversaturated metastable germanium oxide solution with a solubility of 100 g/L, over 20 times higher than the solubility of amorphous germanium oxide. HSGO solution is a versatile reagent that can react with basic and acidic reagents to give a diverse range of salts including, e.g., germanium sulfide, germanium hydrophosphate, and potassium germanate. In the absence of acid or base, the aqueous HSGO solution yields hexagonal germanium oxide under ambient conditions.
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