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Depression in Pregnancy.

Jhon Freddy Martínez-Paredes1, Nathalia Jácome-Pérez2

  • 1Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia.

Revista Colombiana De Psiquiatria (English Ed.)
|January 18, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Depression during pregnancy affects over 13% of women and is often underdiagnosed. Early diagnosis and treatment, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and psychotherapy, improve outcomes for both mother and fetus.

Keywords:
Depresión en el embarazoDepresión mayor unipolarDepresión perinatalDepression in pregnancyEmbarazoPerinatal depressionPregnancyUnipolar major depression

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Area of Science:

  • Perinatal mental health
  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Depression is a prevalent psychiatric condition during pregnancy, impacting over 13% of expectant mothers.
  • Diagnosis relies on DSM-5 criteria and scales like the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, yet healthcare professionals face challenges in recognition and treatment.
  • Untreated depression during pregnancy can negatively affect maternal and fetal well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of depression in pregnancy.
  • To examine risk factors, clinical presentations, complications, and treatment options for antenatal depression.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed and LILACS databases.
  • Out of 223 identified articles, 55 met the predefined inclusion criteria for the review.

Main Results:

  • Pregnancy depression prevalence in South America is approximately 29%.
  • Key risk factors include sexual abuse, adolescent pregnancy, and domestic violence.
  • Early diagnosis is crucial for mitigating risks of adverse fetal neurodevelopmental outcomes and improving obstetric results.

Conclusions:

  • Antenatal depression is common but frequently underreported, with symptoms often mistaken for pregnancy-related changes.
  • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), particularly fluoxetine, are recommended due to a lack of teratogenicity.
  • Non-pharmacological interventions like psychotherapy, mindfulness, and aerobic exercise, alongside professional education, are vital for effective management.