Executive Function in Fragile X Syndrome: A Systematic Review.

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Genetics
• Psychology

Background:

• Executive functions (EF) are crucial for goal-directed behavior, encompassing working memory, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility.
• Fragile X syndrome (FXS), a leading inherited cause of intellectual disability, is marked by significant EF deficits.
• Existing research necessitates a systematic review to consolidate findings on EF in FXS.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review behavioral studies on EF deficits in individuals with FXS.
• To summarize EF impairments across various domains in males and females with FXS.
• To explore clinical and biological correlates of EF deficits and suggest future research directions.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature review of performance-based behavioral studies.
• Analysis of studies examining executive function domains in Fragile X syndrome.
• Synthesis of findings related to clinical and biological correlates.

Main Results:

• Fragile X syndrome is associated with notable deficits in executive functions, including working memory and inhibitory control.
• EF impairments in FXS extend beyond general cognitive limitations.
• The review identifies gaps in current research and proposes avenues for future investigation.

Conclusions:

• A comprehensive understanding of EF deficits in FXS is crucial for advancing research.
• Identifying pathophysiological mechanisms underlying EF deficits can inform treatment development.
• This review provides a foundation for developing outcome measures and therapeutic targets for FXS.