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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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Second Order systems II01:18

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In an underdamped second-order system, where the damping ratio ζ is between 0 and 1, a unit-step input results in a transfer function that, when transformed using the inverse Laplace method, reveals the output response. The output exhibits a damped sinusoidal oscillation, and the difference between the input and output is termed the error signal. This error signal also demonstrates damped oscillatory behavior. Eventually, as the system reaches a steady state, the error diminishes to zero.
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First Order Systems01:21

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First-order systems, such as RC circuits, are foundational in understanding dynamic systems due to their straightforward input-output relationship. Analyzing their responses to different input functions under zero initial conditions reveals significant insights into system behavior.
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Second Order systems I01:20

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A servo system exemplifies a second-order system, featuring a proportional controller and load elements that ensure the output position aligns with the input position. The relationship between these components is described by a second-order differential equation. Applying the Laplace transform under zero initial conditions yields the transfer function, showing how inputs are converted to outputs in the system.
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A thermodynamic system is a set of objects whose thermodynamic properties are of interest. The system is considered to be embedded in its surroundings or the environment. The system and its environment can exchange heat and do work on each other through a boundary that separates them. However, the immediate surroundings of the system interact with it directly and therefore have a much stronger influence on its behavior and properties.
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Substrate Generation for Endonucleases of CRISPR/Cas Systems
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CRISPR/Cas Systems towards Next-Generation Biosensing.

Yi Li1, Shiyuan Li2, Jin Wang3

  • 1Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics, Faculty of Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia; Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia; These authors contributed equally to this work.

Trends in Biotechnology
|January 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

CRISPR/Cas systems, including Cas13a and Cas12, offer powerful biosensing capabilities for detecting nucleic acids, bacteria, viruses, and cancer mutations, paving the way for advanced diagnostics.

Keywords:
CRISPR/CasCas12Cas13Cas9biosensingdiagnosticsnucleic acid detection

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology
  • Diagnostics

Background:

  • CRISPR/Cas9 is known for genome editing.
  • Cas13a's collateral RNA cleavage and Cas12's ssDNA cleavage activities have expanded CRISPR applications.
  • CRISPR diagnostics show promise for sensitive detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To classify CRISPR/Cas biosensing systems based on key effectors.
  • To explore the future utility of these systems in diagnostics.
  • To highlight advances in CRISPR-based nucleic acid detection.

Main Methods:

  • Review and classification of existing CRISPR/Cas biosensing systems.
  • Analysis of collateral cleavage activities of Cas13a and Cas12 effectors.
  • Literature survey on applications in detecting various targets.

Main Results:

  • Several CRISPR/Cas systems have been developed for diverse targets like bacteria, viruses, and cancer mutations.
  • Cas13a and Cas12 effectors exhibit collateral cleavage activities crucial for biosensing.
  • CRISPR/Cas systems demonstrate significant potential for nucleic acid detection.

Conclusions:

  • CRISPR/Cas biosensing systems offer versatile platforms for molecular diagnostics.
  • These systems, particularly those utilizing Cas13a and Cas12, are advancing CRISPR diagnostics.
  • CRISPR/Cas technology is poised to become a leading next-generation diagnostic biosensing platform.