Superoxide dismutase 3 facilitates the chondrogenesis of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells

Articular cartilage defects are considered a major clinical problem because they cannot heal by themselves. To date, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs)-based therapy has been widely applied for cartilage repair. However, fibrocartilage was often generated after BMSC therapy; therefore, there is an urgent need to stimulate and maintain BMSCs chondrogenic differentiation. The specific role of superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) in chondrogenesis is unknown; therefore, the present study aimed to clarify whether SOD3 could facilitate the chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs. We first evaluated SOD3 protein levels during chondrogenesis of BMSCs using plate cultures. We then tested whether SOD3 could facilitate chondrogenesis of BMSCs using knockdown or overexpression experiments. Increased SOD3 protein levels were observed during BMSCs chondrogenesis. SOD3 knockdown inhibited collagen type II alpha 1 chain (COL2A1), aggrecan (ACAN), and SRY-box 9 (SOX9) expression. Overexpression of SOD3 increased the levels of chondrogenesis markers (COL2A1, ACAN, and SOX9). Elevated superoxide anions were observed when SOD3 was knocked down. We concluded that SOD3 could facilitate chondrogenesis of BMSCs to improve cartilage regeneration.