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Central place foragers select ocean surface convergent features despite differing foraging strategies.

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Penguins in the Antarctic Peninsula use ocean currents to find food. Both Adélie and gentoo penguins forage in convergent ocean features, despite different diving depths.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Ecology
  • Animal Behavior
  • Oceanography

Background:

  • Interpreting predator movement patterns requires understanding foraging location predictors, especially in dynamic marine systems with diffuse food resources.
  • Climate change in the Western Antarctic Peninsula has led to sympatry between Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae) and gentoo (P. papua) penguins in a key foraging area.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how dynamic oceanographic features influence the foraging ecology of Adélie and gentoo penguins.
  • To determine if penguins select foraging locations based on ocean convergence zones.

Main Methods:

  • Used simulated particle trajectories from measured surface currents to analyze co-occurrence of ocean convergence and penguin foraging sites.
  • Compared diving depths of Adélie penguins (upper mixed layer) and gentoo penguins (deeper than mixed layer).

Main Results:

  • Both Adélie and gentoo penguins strongly selected surface convergent features for foraging, irrespective of their diving behavior.
  • Adélie penguins' foraging was limited to the upper mixed layer, while gentoo penguins foraged deeper.
  • No difference in selectivity for surface features was observed between shallow- and deep-diving gentoo penguins.

Conclusions:

  • Adélie and gentoo penguins utilize surface convergent features as foraging hotspots in the Western Antarctic Peninsula.
  • The relationship between these surface oceanographic signals and underlying prey distribution remains an area for further research.