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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
Tonsillitis I: Introduction01:30

Tonsillitis I: Introduction

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Etiology
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Tonsillitis II: Management01:26

Tonsillitis II: Management

This lesson will focus on the different treatment options for managing tonsillitis, which typically depend on the cause and severity.
Streptococcal Pharyngitis01:27

Streptococcal Pharyngitis

Streptococcal pharyngitis, commonly known as “strep throat,” is an acute infection of the oropharyngeal tissues caused by the Gram‑positive Group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes). Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets expelled during coughing, sneezing, or talking.Mechanisms of Host Entry and Immune EvasionUpon entering the host, S. pyogenes adheres to the mucosal epithelial cells of the pharynx via surface proteins, notably lipoteichoic acid and the antiphagocytic...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...

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CO2-Lasertonsillotomy Under Local Anesthesia in Adults
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Published on: November 6, 2019

Grisel's syndrome associated with tonsillitis.

Mahmoud Khodabandeh1, Saeed Shakiba2, Soroosh Alizadeh2

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases, Pediatric's Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Idcases
|January 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Grisel's syndrome, a rare non-traumatic atlanto-axial joint subluxation, may stem from lax cervical ligaments and neck inflammation in children. This case report details a 9-year-old boy with torticollis, exploring clinical, radiological, and treatment facets.

Keywords:
Grisel’s syndromeTonsillitis

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Published on: October 13, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Pediatric Rheumatology
  • Neurosurgery

Background:

  • Grisel's syndrome is a rare non-traumatic atlanto-axial joint subluxation.
  • Its exact pathogenesis remains unclear, but may involve cervical ligament laxity and neck inflammation in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a case of Grisel's syndrome in a 9-year-old boy.
  • To discuss the clinical, radiological, and treatment aspects of this rare condition.

Main Methods:

  • Case report presentation.
  • Review of clinical presentation, radiological findings, and treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • A 9-year-old boy presented with torticollis, diagnosed with Grisel's syndrome.
  • Discussion covers typical clinical signs, diagnostic imaging, and therapeutic interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Grisel's syndrome requires a comprehensive approach for diagnosis and management.
  • Understanding the clinical and radiological features is crucial for effective treatment.