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Related Concept Videos

Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

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While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
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Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes02:16

Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes

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The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
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Introduction to R01:11

Introduction to R

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R is a powerful software environment for statistical computing and graphics. Originating as an implementation of the S language, developed at Bell Laboratories, R has evolved into a robust, open-source statistical software favored by statisticians and data scientists worldwide. Its comprehensive suite includes data manipulation, calculation, and graphical display capabilities, making it versatile for data analysis and visualization. Its programming language is at the core of R's...
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Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes00:46

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes

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The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
Genomic Diversity in Bacteria
Although bacterial genomes are much...
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Isolation and Genome Analysis of Single Virions using 'Single Virus Genomics'
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Introduction to Genomics: A Primer.

Sharon Flynn

    Seminars in Oncology Nursing
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    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study reviews essential oncology genetic and genomic terms for nurses. Understanding these concepts improves patient care and risk assessment in cancer treatment.

    Keywords:
    Cancer risk assessmentEpigeneticsGenetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA)Genetic inheritance patternsGenetic testingHereditary cancer syndromesPharmacogenomics

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    Area of Science:

    • Oncology Nursing
    • Cancer Genetics and Genomics

    Background:

    • Integration of genetic and genomic information is crucial for modern cancer care.
    • Oncology nurses require foundational knowledge in genetics and genomics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review fundamental oncology genetic and genomic terminology.
    • To enhance the understanding of genetics/genomics among oncology nurses and healthcare providers.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of published literature.
    • Consultation of national guidelines.
    • Analysis of relevant websites.

    Main Results:

    • A 10-question quiz was developed to assess understanding of basic oncology genetic/genomic terminology.
    • Key topics covered include cancer risk assessment, hereditary cancer syndromes, pharmacogenomics, epigenetics, and genetic testing legislation.

    Conclusions:

    • Enhanced understanding of genetics/genomics by oncology nurses and healthcare providers can improve patient care.
    • Knowledge in these areas supports better cancer risk assessment and personalized treatment strategies.