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Related Concept Videos

Alkali Metals03:06

Alkali Metals

24.6K
Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals
24.6K
Batteries and Fuel Cells03:12

Batteries and Fuel Cells

30.9K
A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Ions and Ionic Charges03:27

Ions and Ionic Charges

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In ordinary chemical reactions, the nucleus — which contains the protons and neutrons of each atom and thus identifies the element — remains unchanged. Electrons, however, can be added to atoms by transfer from other atoms, lost by transfer to other atoms, or shared with other atoms. The transfer and sharing of electrons among atoms govern the chemistry of the elements. During the formation of some compounds, atoms gain or lose electrons to form electrically charged particles called...
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Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
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Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

26.7K
An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
26.7K
Bonding in Metals02:32

Bonding in Metals

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Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”. 
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Preparation of Graphene Liquid Cells for the Observation of Lithium-ion Battery Material
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A Liquid-Metal-Enabled Versatile Organic Alkali-Ion Battery.

Yu Ding1, Xuelin Guo1, Yumin Qian1

  • 1Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, 78712, USA.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|January 22, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Sodium-potassium (Na-K) liquid metal anodes overcome dendrite issues in batteries. This study elucidates their mechanism, achieving stable sodium-ion and potassium-ion battery cycling with high capacity retention.

Keywords:
flexible batteriesliquid metalsorganic electrodespotassium-ion batteriessodium-ion batteries

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Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Alkali metal anodes offer high capacity but suffer from dendrite growth, limiting practical battery applications.
  • Sodium-potassium (Na-K) liquid metal alloys present a dendrite-free alternative, yet their charge transport mechanisms are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the working mechanism of sodium-potassium (Na-K) alloy anodes in battery systems.
  • To investigate the performance of Na-K anodes with organic cathodes for sodium-ion and potassium-ion batteries.
  • To develop a flexible, dendrite-free alkali-ion battery.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive experimental characterization.
  • Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations to understand charge transport.
  • Fabrication and testing of Na-K/sodium rhodizonate dibasic (SR) batteries, including flexible carbon nanofiber (CNF)/SR cathodes.

Main Results:

  • The study reveals the charge transport mechanism in Na-K anodes, considering electrolyte screening and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) effects.
  • Stable cycling was achieved for Na-K/SR batteries, demonstrating high capacity retention (99.88% for SIB, 99.70% for PIB per cycle over 100 cycles).
  • A flexible, dendrite-free alkali-ion battery with an ultrahigh areal capacity of 2.1 mAh cm-2 was successfully developed.

Conclusions:

  • Computation-guided selection and characterization-supported understanding enable high-performance, dendrite-free organic-based liquid metal batteries.
  • The Na-K liquid metal anode, combined with organic cathodes, offers a promising pathway for versatile and stable alkali-ion energy storage.