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Related Concept Videos

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides02:26

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.
Sulfur Assimilation01:20

Sulfur Assimilation

Sulfur is an essential element in biological systems, contributing to synthesizing key biomolecules, including amino acids such as cysteine and methionine, and cofactors such as coenzyme A and biotin. Microorganisms primarily assimilate sulfur as sulfate (SO₄²⁻) from the environment, which must undergo a series of biochemical transformations before it can be incorporated into cellular components. As sulfate is highly oxidized, it must undergo assimilatory sulfate reduction to become...
Ladder Diagrams: Redox Equilibria01:30

Ladder Diagrams: Redox Equilibria

Ladder diagrams are useful tools for understanding redox equilibrium reactions, especially the effects of concentration changes on the electrochemical potential of the reaction. The vertical axis in the redox ladder diagrams represents the electrochemical potential, E. The area of predominance is demarcated using the Nernst equation.
Consider the Fe3+/Fe2+ half-reaction, which has a standard-state potential of +0.771 V. At potentials more positive than +0.771 V, Fe3+ predominates, whereas Fe2+...

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Identification and Quantification of Decomposition Mechanisms in Lithium-Ion Batteries; Input to Heat Flow Simulation for Modeling Thermal Runaway
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Designing and mapping cascade catalysis pathway for balanced polysulfide conversion in Li-S batteries.

Leyuan Zhang1,2, Dongfang Cheng3, Pu Zhang4

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Nature Communications
|July 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Lithium-sulfur batteries face challenges from slow sulfur reduction. This study reveals a cascade catalysis pathway on Fe,N,S-codoped graphene that balances intermediate conversion, suppressing the shuttle effect for improved battery stability.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Lithium-sulfur batteries are limited by the slow 16-electron sulfur reduction reaction.
  • Complex polysulfide intermediates (Li2Sn) cause unbalanced conversion and the shuttle effect.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Elucidate the complete cascade pathway of sulfur reduction on a model catalyst.
  • Mechanistically understand how cascade catalysis regulates polysulfide conversion.

Main Methods:

  • Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations.
  • Kinetic analysis.
  • Operando Raman spectroscopy.

Main Results:

  • Fe sites activate long-chain polysulfides; N,S-C sites convert Li2S4 to Li2S2/Li2S.
  • Synergistic catalysis balances sulfur reduction kinetics and reduces polysulfide accumulation.
  • Cascade catalysis pathway confirmed to modulate intermediates and enable balanced conversion.

Conclusions:

  • Cascade catalysis is a mechanism-driven strategy for designing lithium-sulfur battery electrodes.
  • Pathway regulation via synergistic catalysis suppresses polysulfide shuttling.
  • Enhanced cycling stability achieved through balanced polysulfide conversion.