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Performance metrics for the objective assessment of capacitive deionization systems.
Steven A Hawks1, Ashwin Ramachandran2, Slawomir Porada3
1Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, United States.
Water Research
|January 22, 2019
Summary
Standardizing capacitive deionization (CDI) performance metrics is crucial. This study proposes a system for reporting energy consumption and water productivity under defined conditions, enabling fair comparisons between different desalination technologies.
Area of Science:
- Water treatment technologies
- Electrochemical separation processes
Background:
- Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a promising desalination technology.
- Current performance metrics lack standardized reporting conditions, hindering comparisons.
- Ambiguous conditions lead to optimal performance claims at minimal water purification.
Purpose of the Study:
- To establish a standardized system for reporting CDI performance metrics.
- To enable rational comparisons between different CDI devices, materials, and operational modes.
- To address the issue of unspecified separation conditions in CDI performance evaluations.
Main Methods:
- Proposed a system based on volumetric energy consumption and throughput productivity.
- Defined reporting conditions including average concentration reduction, water recovery, and feed salinity.
- Introduced a nominal standard separation: removing 5 mM from 20 mM NaCl at 50% water recovery for comparison.
Main Results:
- Demonstrated a method for comparing diverse CDI systems (e.g., fte-CDI vs. fb-MCDI) using the proposed standard.
- Highlighted the importance of careful performance analysis to avoid ambiguity and metric trade-offs.
- Identified underlying performance indicators and cell characteristics crucial for understanding desalination performance differences.
Conclusions:
- Standardized reporting conditions are essential for accurate CDI performance evaluation.
- The proposed system facilitates objective comparisons across various CDI technologies.
- Understanding cell characteristics provides deeper insights into desalination efficiency and limitations.
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