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Development, validity and reliability testing the Swedish Ethical Climate Questionnaire.

Catarina Fischer Grönlund, Anna Söderberg1, Vera Dahlqvist

  • 1Umeå University, Sweden.

Nursing Ethics
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PubMed
Summary

The Swedish Ethical Climate Questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool for assessing the overall ethical climate in healthcare workplaces. This 10-item instrument is unidimensional, providing a comprehensive measure of inter-professional ethical perceptions.

Keywords:
Ethical climateHabermashealthcare professionalspsychometric assessment

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Area of Science:

  • Healthcare Ethics
  • Psychometrics
  • Organizational Behavior

Background:

  • An ethical climate reflects shared perceptions of morally correct behavior in the workplace.
  • Existing ethical climate questionnaires lack an inter-professional healthcare focus.
  • The Swedish Ethical Climate Questionnaire (SECQ) was developed based on Habermas' democratic dialogue principles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the construction of the Swedish Ethical Climate Questionnaire (SECQ).
  • To test the psychometric properties of the SECQ for inter-professional healthcare settings.
  • To assess the validity and reliability of the SECQ.

Main Methods:

  • Content validity was evaluated by an expert group of six ethicists.
  • The SECQ was administered to 355 healthcare workers across three Swedish hospitals.
  • Psychometric properties were analyzed using parallel analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis.

Main Results:

  • Parallel analysis suggested a one-factor solution for the SECQ.
  • Initial exploratory factor analysis showed low concordance with a four-factor model.
  • Confirmatory factor analysis supported a unidimensional model after item deletion, with good overall Cronbach's alpha (0.86, reduced to 0.82 after deletion).

Conclusions:

  • The SECQ is best treated as a one-factor model, indicating unidimensionality.
  • The 10-item SECQ demonstrates satisfactory validity and reliability for assessing ethical climate.
  • The instrument effectively measures ethical climate as a whole in inter-professional healthcare contexts.