Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Leaving Groups

Leaving Groups

The nature of leaving groups strongly influences the outcome of a nucleophilic substitution reaction.
In general, in a nucleophilic substitution reaction, a nucleophile displaces a functional group, called the leaving group, from the substrate to give a substituted product. A leaving group departs the substrate molecule through heterolytic cleavage, taking the pair of electrons with it to become a relatively stable weak base in the form of an anion or a neutral molecule.
In a...

Basic Plant Anatomy: Roots, Stems, and Leaves

Basic Plant Anatomy: Roots, Stems, and Leaves

The primary organs of vascular plants are roots, stems, and leaves, but these structures can be highly variable, adapted for the specific needs and environment of different plant species.

Light Acquisition

Light Acquisition

In order to produce glucose, plants need to capture sufficient light energy. Many modern plants have evolved leaves specialized for light acquisition. Leaves can be only millimeters in width or tens of meters wide, depending on the environment. Due to competition for sunlight, evolution has driven the evolution of increasingly larger leaves and taller plants, to avoid shading by their neighbors with contaminant elaboration of root architecture and mechanisms to transport water and nutrients.

Responses to Drought and Flooding

Responses to Drought and Flooding

Water plays a significant role in the life cycle of plants. However, insufficient or excess of water can be detrimental and pose a serious threat to plants.

Seed Structure and Early Development of the Sporophyte

Seed Structure and Early Development of the Sporophyte

Seed structures are composed of a protective seed coat surrounding a plant embryo, and a food store for the developing embryo. The embryo contains the precursor tissues for leaves, stem, and roots. The endosperm and cotyledons—seed leaves—act as the food reserves for the growing embryo.

Lung Capacity

Lung Capacity

The air in the lungs is measured in volumes and capacities. Lung volume measures reflect the amount of air taken in, released, or left over after a lung function, like a single inhalation. Lung capacity measures are sums of two or more lung volume measures.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Rare isotope-containing diamond colour centres for fundamental symmetry tests.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences·2023

Same author

How valuable is screening for thyroid disease in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome?

Journal of clinical rheumatology : practical reports on rheumatic & musculoskeletal diseases·2006

Same author

The aetiology and outcome of 170 ulnar nerve lesions confirmed with electrophysiological testing.

Acta orthopaedica Belgica·2003

Same author

Delays in diagnosing oesophagogastric cancer. Small study showed no difference in delay with stage.

BMJ (Clinical research ed.)·1997

Same author

The president's message.

The Journal of the Kansas Medical Society·1971

Same author

The delivery of health care.

The Journal of the Kansas Medical Society·1970

Same journal

A Change of Government and Its Effect on the NHS Hospital Outpatient Service.

Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London·2019

Same journal

Erratum: Model for the Organisation of a Community-Based Rehabilitation Service.

Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London·2019

Same journal

Telemedicine and beyond.

Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London·2019

Same journal

Palliative Care in General Medicine.

Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London·2019

Same journal

Medical Negligence.

Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London·2019

Same journal

In Response.

Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London·2019

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Detection of Histone Modifications in Plant Leaves

Detection of Histone Modifications in Plant Leaves

Published on: September 23, 2011

Sabbatical Leave

Ian M Morris¹, F T Collins²

¹Consultant Rheumatologist, Kettering General Hospital.

Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London

|January 23, 2019

Summary

No abstract available in PubMed .

More Related Videos

Assessing the Particulate Matter Removal Abilities of Tree Leaves

Assessing the Particulate Matter Removal Abilities of Tree Leaves

Published on: October 7, 2018

Author Spotlight: Advancing Gene Editing in Bamboo Leaves for Sustainable Plastic Alternatives

Author Spotlight: Advancing Gene Editing in Bamboo Leaves for Sustainable Plastic Alternatives

Published on: August 18, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Detection of Histone Modifications in Plant Leaves

Detection of Histone Modifications in Plant Leaves

Published on: September 23, 2011

Assessing the Particulate Matter Removal Abilities of Tree Leaves

Assessing the Particulate Matter Removal Abilities of Tree Leaves

Published on: October 7, 2018

Author Spotlight: Advancing Gene Editing in Bamboo Leaves for Sustainable Plastic Alternatives

Author Spotlight: Advancing Gene Editing in Bamboo Leaves for Sustainable Plastic Alternatives

Published on: August 18, 2023