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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Radii03:10

Ionic Radii

33.5K
Ionic radius is the measure used to describe the size of an ion. A cation always has fewer electrons and the same number of protons as the parent atom; it is smaller than the atom from which it is derived. For example, the covalent radius of an aluminum atom (1s22s22p63s23p1) is 118 pm, whereas the ionic radius of an Al3+ (1s22s22p6) is 68 pm. As electrons are removed from the outer valence shell, the remaining core electrons occupying smaller shells experience a greater effective nuclear...
33.5K
Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

130.6K
Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
130.6K
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction01:11

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction

3.5K
High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), formerly referred to as High-pressure liquid chromatography, is a powerful technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in complex mixtures. The term "high pressure" refers to using high pressure to push the liquid mobile phase through the tightly packed columns.
In HPLC, two phases play a critical role in the separation process:
3.5K
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation00:57

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation

3.0K
High-performance liquid chromatography, or HPLC, is an analytical technique that separates liquid samples under high pressures. An HPLC instrument consists of glass bottles for storing solvents called mobile phase reservoirs. HPLC-grade solvents are used to maintain high purity, and the dissolved gases are removed using a degasser, such as a vacuum pumping system or sparging with helium. The solvents are then pumped into the analytical column using a screw-driven syringe or reciprocating pumps.
3.0K
Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature03:34

Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

87.1K
An element composed of atoms that readily lose electrons (a metal) can react with an element composed of atoms that readily gain electrons (a nonmetal) to produce ions through complete electron transfer. The compound formed by this transfer is stabilized by the electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds) between the oppositely charged ions.
87.1K
Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

68.2K
Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
68.2K

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Synthesis of Platinum-nickel Nanowires and Optimization for Oxygen Reduction Performance
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Improving Oxygen Reduction Performance by Using Protic Poly(Ionic Liquid) as Proton Conductors.

Xiaocong Yan1, Fangfang Zhang2, Haining Zhang1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing , Wuhan University of Technology , Nr. 122 Luoshi Rd. , Wuhan 430070 , China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|January 23, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new catalyst layer for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) using protic poly(ionic liquid) instead of Nafion. This enhances oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance and reduces platinum cost.

Keywords:
electrochemistryfuel celloxygen reductionplatinumpoly(ionic liquid)

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) rely on efficient oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts, typically platinum-based (Pt/C).
  • High platinum loading increases the cost of PEMFCs, necessitating strategies to improve catalyst performance and reduce platinum usage.
  • Perfluorosulfonated ionomers, like Nafion, are commonly used as proton conductors in catalyst layers but have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of protic poly(ionic liquid) as an alternative proton conductor in catalyst layers for Pt/C catalysts.
  • To evaluate the impact of this new ionomer on the ORR activity and durability of PEMFC cathodes.
  • To explore a novel strategy for reducing platinum loading in fuel cell applications.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of catalyst layers using Pt/C catalysts with protic poly(ionic liquid) as the ionomer.
  • Electrochemical characterization of the catalyst layers, including specific activity measurements for the ORR at 0.9 V under acidic conditions.
  • Durability testing involving potential cycling to assess the stability of the catalyst and ionomer.

Main Results:

  • The catalyst layer utilizing protic poly(ionic liquid) exhibited a specific activity over three times higher than that using Nafion for the ORR.
  • Protic poly(ionic liquid) demonstrated a protective effect on platinum nanoparticles against aggregation during potential cycling.
  • The hydrocarbon nature of protic poly(ionic liquid) resulted in lower durability compared to Nafion under the tested conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Replacing perfluorosulfonated ionomers with protic poly(ionic liquid) is a promising strategy for enhancing ORR performance in low Pt-loading PEMFCs.
  • This approach offers a pathway to more efficient and cost-effective fuel cell cathodes.
  • Further research into optimizing the durability of protic poly(ionic liquid) ionomers is warranted for widespread application.