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Related Concept Videos

Oxidation Numbers03:14

Oxidation Numbers

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In redox reactions, the transfer of electrons occurs between reacting species. Electron transfer is described by a hypothetical number called the oxidation number (or oxidation state). It represents the effective charge of an atom or element, which is assigned using a set of rules.
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Pyruvate Oxidation01:15

Pyruvate Oxidation

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After glycolysis, the charged pyruvate molecules enter the mitochondria via active transport and undergo three enzymatic reactions. These reactions ensure that pyruvate can enter the next metabolic pathway so that energy stored in the pyruvate molecules can be harnessed by the cells.
First, the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase removes the carboxyl group from pyruvate and releases it as carbon dioxide. The stripped molecule is then oxidized and releases electrons, which are then picked up by NAD+...
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Oxidation-Reduction Reactions03:11

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Oxidation–Reduction Reactions
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Oxidation of Alcohols02:37

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In this lesson, the oxidation of alcohols is discussed in depth. The various reagents used for oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols are detailed, and their mechanism of action is provided.
The process of oxidation in a chemical reaction is observed in any of the three forms:
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Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

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In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox...
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Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes03:08

Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes

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In addition to the oxymercuration–demercuration method, which converts the alkenes to alcohols with Markovnikov orientation, a complementary hydroboration-oxidation method yields the anti-Markovnikov product. The hydroboration reaction, discovered in 1959 by H.C. Brown, involves the addition of a B–H bond of borane to an alkene giving an organoborane intermediate. The oxidation of this intermediate with basic hydrogen peroxide forms an alcohol.
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Biofunctionalization of Magnetic Nanomaterials
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Iron oxide-based nanomaterials for supercapacitors.

Bingyan Xu1, Mingbo Zheng1, Hao Tang1

  • 1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute for Innovative Materials and Energy, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002 Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.

Nanotechnology
|January 23, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Iron oxides show promise as electrode materials for supercapacitors (SCs) due to their high capacitance and eco-friendliness. This review highlights advancements in iron oxide nanomaterials for SCs, focusing on improving stability and conductivity.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Supercapacitors (SCs) are efficient, clean energy storage devices.
  • Iron oxide materials offer advantages like high theoretical capacitance and eco-friendliness for SC electrodes.
  • Challenges include poor conductivity and low stability in iron oxide-based SCs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent progress in iron oxide-based nanomaterials for supercapacitor applications.
  • To emphasize nanostructure design and nanocomposite strategies for enhanced electrochemical performance.
  • To discuss symmetric/asymmetric SCs utilizing iron oxides and propose future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on iron oxide nanomaterials (Fe2O3, Fe3O4, FexOy, FeOOH) as SC electrode materials.
  • Analysis of nanostructure engineering and synergistic effects in nanocomposites.
  • Discussion of recent research on iron oxide-based symmetric and asymmetric supercapacitors.

Main Results:

  • Iron oxide nanomaterials demonstrate potential as negative electrode materials for SCs.
  • Nanostructure design and composite formation significantly improve electrochemical performance.
  • Various iron oxide-based SC configurations have been explored.

Conclusions:

  • Iron oxides are promising, cost-effective electrode materials for advanced supercapacitors.
  • Further research into nanostructure optimization and composite strategies is crucial for overcoming limitations.
  • Iron oxide-based supercapacitors represent a viable direction for future energy storage solutions.