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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

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The thermodynamic processes can be classified into reversible and irreversible processes. The processes that can be restored to their initial state are called reversible processes. It is only possible if the process is in quasi-static equilibrium, i.e., it takes place in infinitesimally small steps, and the system remains at equilibrium However, these are ideal processes and do not occur naturally. An ideal system undergoing a reversible process is always in thermodynamic equilibrium within...
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Diode: Reverse bias01:14

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A diode is reverse-biased when the positive terminal of an external voltage source is connected to the n-type material and the negative terminal to the p-type material. This configuration opposes the natural direction of current flow through the diode, effectively increasing the width of the depletion region and the barrier potential. The reverse bias condition produces a minimal leakage current, primarily due to minority charge carriers. This leakage becomes significant when the reverse...
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Total voids in concrete encompass gel water volume, capillary pores, and entrapped air. Gel water (retained within the cement hydration products) and physically entrapped or adsorbed water are significant for the hydration process. For complete hydration, it's estimated that the space needed for the products of a cubic centimeter of cement doubles. Capillary pores constitute the unoccupied space within the hydrated cement paste, with their size largely influenced by the water-to-cement...
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Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy01:05

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Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.
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In electronic circuits, reverse-biased diode configurations are critical for regulating voltage levels. Zener diodes exploit the reverse breakdown phenomenon and exhibit a controlled breakdown at a specific Zener voltage (VZ). They are designed to maintain a constant voltage across their terminals and are commonly used for voltage regulation in circuits.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
10:10

Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty

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Prostheses for reverse total shoulder arthroplasty.

Jillian M Kazley1, Keegan P Cole1, Khusboo J Desai1

  • 1a Orthopaedic Surgery , Albany Medical Center , Albany , NY , USA.

Expert Review of Medical Devices
|January 24, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) has evolved significantly since its inception, with Grammont principles forming the basis of modern designs. Ongoing research focuses on improving prosthetic longevity and outcomes, especially in younger patients.

Keywords:
Reversearthroplastydesignsmechanicsshouldertotal

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic surgery
  • Biomechanical engineering
  • Prosthetic design

Background:

  • Rotator cuff arthropathy historically presented limited reconstructive options.
  • Early reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) designs faced high failure rates due to glenoid baseplate loosening.
  • The 1985 Grammont design introduced a crucial change in the center of rotation, addressing this complication.

Observation:

  • The Grammont principles continue to underpin contemporary rTSA designs.
  • Modern rTSA prostheses have undergone several adaptations from the original design.
  • A literature review examined rTSA evolution, biomechanics, prosthetic options, and outcomes.

Findings:

  • The evolution of rTSA involves advancements in baseplates, glenospheres, humeral components, and bearing interfaces.
  • Despite biomechanical understanding, Grammont principles remain central to current rTSA.
  • Further clinical studies are required to evaluate the impact of modern prosthetic modifications on outcomes.

Implications:

  • Continued clinical monitoring is essential for assessing prosthetic longevity, particularly in younger patients receiving implants.
  • Understanding the biomechanics of rotator cuff-deficient shoulders is key to optimizing rTSA.
  • Future research should focus on correlating prosthetic modifications with clinical and radiographic outcomes.