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Paradigms of Lower Extremity Electrical Stimulation Training After Spinal Cord Injury
Published on: February 1, 2018
Samuel Zonshayn1, Christina Coppola, James P Lawrence
1From the Department Orthopedic Surgery, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY (Dr. Zonshayn, Ms. Coppola); Department of Orthopedics and Physical Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (Dr. Lawrence).
Surgeon physiologic stress and energy expenditure in spine surgery increase with navigation, instrumentation, tranexamic acid (TXA) use, and revision procedures, potentially leading to fatigue.
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