Fast imaging and other motion artifact reduction schemes: a pictorial overview

Since 1982, a number of techniques have been introduced for the purpose of reducing motion artifacts in magnetic resonance imaging. These are reviewed with an emphasis on effectiveness and clinical practicality. Physical restraints, data averaging, and gradient moment nulling are widely used at present. Fast imaging techniques, particularly with the advent of saturation pulses (to diminish arterial and venous pulsation artifacts), may be utilized in the future to obtain diagnostic quality abdominal and pelvic images during breath holding.