Enhanced Photothermal Effect in Ultralow-Density Carbon Aerogels with Microporous Structures for Facile Optical...

The exact mechanism responsible for the phenomenon known as photoignition with an enhanced photothermal effect in high-surface-area carbon with the addition of a metal catalyst is an open issue. Here, we report the first successful flash ignition of a pure carbon material in ambient air microporous carbon aerogels (CAs) with ultralow density and high surface area. Under flash exposure, the CAs show a strong local heat confinement effect near microporous structures (0.6-2 nm), and the graphite crystallite structures existing in single carbon nanoparticles (∼15 nm) are damaged. The local heat confinement effects are mainly derived from the low gaseous thermal conductivity in micropores and low solid thermal conductivity in low-density CAs. In addition, the limiting effects of the microporous structure on the vibration amplitude of free-state electrons in low-density CAs result in a dramatic increase in optical absorption. Numerical simulations of unsteady temperature fields of CAs with different densities and thicknesses are also performed, and the calculated maximum temperature of a 17 μm-thick 20 mg/cm³ CA bed is 1782 °C. CAs with higher density can also give rise to enhanced photothermal response and ignition with the addition of metal Fe nanoparticles. The metal catalyst increases both the light absorption capacity in the visible-light range and the heat accumulation capacity. These results are important for understanding the mechanism of flash ignition, especially the local high temperature and effects of metal catalyst in carbon materials during the photothermal process.