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Protein Glycosylation01:25

Protein Glycosylation

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Glycosylation, the most common post-translational modification for proteins, serves diverse functions. Adding sugars to proteins makes the proteins more resistant to proteolytic digestion. Glycosylated proteins can act as markers and receptors to promote cell-cell adhesion. Additionally, they have many essential quality control functions in the cell, such as correct protein folding and facilitating transport of misfolded proteins to the cytosol, which can be degraded.
Glycosylation occurs in...
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Peptide Bonds02:43

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A peptide bond covalently attaches amino acids through a dehydration reaction. One amino acid's carboxyl group and another amino acid's amino group combine, releasing a water molecule. The resulting bond is the peptide bond. The products that such linkages form are peptides. As more amino acids join this growing chain, the resulting chain is a polypeptide. Each polypeptide has a free amino group at one end. This end has the N-terminal, or the amino-terminal, and the other end has a free...
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Tandem mass spectrometry, also known as MS/MS or MS2, is an analytical technique that employs two mass analyzers. Essentially it is a series of mass spectrometers that helps isolate a particular biomolecule and then helps study its chemical properties.
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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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What are Cells?01:07

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Cells are the smallest and basic units of life, whether it is a single cell that forms the entire organism, e.g., in a bacterium or trillions of them, e.g., in humans. No matter what organism a cell is a part of, they share specific characteristics.
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Construction of Cyclic Cell-Penetrating Peptides for Enhanced Penetration of Biological Barriers
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Construction of Cyclic Cell-Penetrating Peptides for Enhanced Penetration of Biological Barriers

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Glycosylated Cell-Penetrating Peptides (GCPPs).

Iván Gallego1, Alicia Rioboo1, José J Reina1

  • 1Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e, Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.

Chembiochem : a European Journal of Chemical Biology
|January 24, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed novel glycopeptides by attaching sugar residues to cell-penetrating peptides. This glycosylation strategy enhances cellular uptake and modulates toxicity, offering a promising approach for drug delivery and diagnostics.

Keywords:
cell deliverycell-penetrating peptidesglycosylationmembranespeptide synthesis

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Cell membranes control molecular exchange but impede therapeutic delivery.
  • Cell-penetrating peptides facilitate macromolecule transport but have specificity and toxicity issues.
  • Glycosylation is a strategy to enhance biomaterial properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel method for synthesizing glycopeptides using a convergent strategy.
  • To investigate the impact of glycan functionalization on cell-penetrating peptide activity.
  • To evaluate the uptake efficiency, intracellular distribution, and toxicity of novel glycopeptides.

Main Methods:

  • Convergent synthesis of glycopeptides via oxime bond formation.
  • Characterization of uptake efficiency and intracellular distribution using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy.
  • In vivo assessment in zebrafish models and in vitro toxicity studies.

Main Results:

  • The synthesis successfully produced glycopeptide hybrids.
  • Glycosylation significantly influenced cellular internalization efficiency across tested cell lines.
  • The glycan modifications modulated the toxicity profiles of the cell-penetrating peptides.
  • Zebrafish models demonstrated the in vivo potential of these glycopeptides.

Conclusions:

  • Glycosylation of cell-penetrating peptides is a viable strategy to modulate their biological activity.
  • This approach offers potential for developing improved therapeutic and diagnostic agents.
  • The developed glycopeptides show promise for targeted delivery and reduced toxicity.