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Fragmenting Bulk Hydrogels and Processing into Granular Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications
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Recent Developments in Tough Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications.

Yuan Liu1, Weilue He2, Zhongtian Zhang3

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. yuanl@umass.edu.

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|January 25, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Developing tough hydrogels is critical for biomedical applications. This review explores strategies like double-network hydrogels and non-covalent bonds to create mechanically robust materials for tissue engineering and beyond.

Keywords:
biomedical applicationssoft actuatorstissue adhesivestissue engineeringtough hydrogels

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Hydrogels, with high water content and biocompatibility, are promising for biomedical uses.
  • Conventional hydrogels possess poor mechanical strength, limiting their application in load-bearing physiological environments.
  • There is a critical need for the development of mechanically robust hydrogels for advanced biomedical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review fabrication strategies for creating tough hydrogels.
  • To discuss the incorporation of non-covalent interactions and network designs for enhanced mechanical properties.
  • To explore the application of these tough hydrogels in tissue adhesion, engineering, and soft actuators.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on hydrogel fabrication techniques.
  • Analysis of strategies involving non-covalent bonds for hydrogel strengthening.
  • Examination of polymer network architectures, including interpenetrated and double-network hydrogels.
  • Survey of design principles for tough hydrogels in specific biomedical applications.

Main Results:

  • Various methods effectively enhance hydrogel toughness through non-covalent crosslinking and sophisticated network architectures.
  • Double-network hydrogels and interpenetrated polymer networks demonstrate significant improvements in mechanical strength.
  • Tough hydrogels show potential in diverse applications such as tissue adhesives, scaffolds for tissue engineering, and soft robotic actuators.

Conclusions:

  • Strategies focusing on non-covalent bonds and advanced network designs are key to fabricating mechanically tough hydrogels.
  • The development of robust hydrogels is essential for expanding their utility in demanding physiological conditions.
  • Tough hydrogels represent a significant advancement with broad potential in regenerative medicine and soft robotics.