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MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
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Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis
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Gold Nanoparticle Probe-Assisted Antigen-Counting Chip Using SEM.

Xin Zhou1, Chih-Tsung Yang2, Qiaoshu Xu3

  • 1Institute of Comparative Medicine, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|January 25, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel gold nanoparticle (GNP) probe strategy for precise protein biomarker counting in biological samples. The method offers significantly higher sensitivity for early tumor detection compared to traditional assays.

Keywords:
carcinoembryonic antigencounting chipgold nanoparticle probesprotein biomarkerscanning electron microscope (SEM)

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Nanotechnology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Accurate quantification of protein biomarkers in small biological samples is challenging.
  • Existing methods like ELISA have limitations in sensitivity and precision for ultralow concentrations.
  • Early detection of tumors relies on sensitive detection of specific protein biomarkers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel gold nanoparticle (GNP) probe-assisted sandwich-counting strategy.
  • To enable precise enumeration of protein-biomarker molecules at ultralow concentrations.
  • To demonstrate the potential for early tumor detection and diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a GNP probe and an antibody-functionalized chip for antigen molecule counting.
  • Employed a scanning electron microscope for high-resolution imaging and enumeration.
  • Assayed standard carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CEA-related tumor samples (tissues and serum).

Main Results:

  • The GNP probe-assisted strategy demonstrated excellent correlation with enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA).
  • Achieved a limit of detection of 0.045 ng/mL for CEA, approximately 40 times more sensitive than conventional ELISA.
  • Successfully validated the proof-of-concept using both standard and real tumor samples.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed GNP probe-assisted sandwich-counting strategy enables sensitive quantification of protein biomarkers at ultralow concentrations.
  • This method holds significant potential for early tumor specimen analysis and detection of target proteins in highly diluted samples.
  • Offers a promising advancement for clinical diagnostics and biomarker research.