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Models of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Peter R Killeen1

  • 1Arizona State University, United States.

Behavioural Processes
|January 25, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is linked to behavioral variability. A neuroenergetics model suggests phasic neuronal malnutrition causes this, impacting response times and attentional focus in decision tasks.

Keywords:
ADHDAstrocyte-neuron lactate shuttleAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderDiffusion-decision modelsLactateNeuroenergetics

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Science
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized by significant behavioral variability, including inconsistent response times and attentional focus.
  • Existing ADHD theories offer limited explanations for the underlying neurobiological mechanisms driving these behavioral inconsistencies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the behavioral neuroenergetics theory and model as a potential explanation for ADHD.
  • To demonstrate how this model predicts observed behavioral data in decision tasks.
  • To highlight the model's relevance for research utilizing animal models of ADHD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of the behavioral neuroenergetics theory and its associated mathematical model.
  • Analysis of representative behavioral data from decision tasks in the context of the model's predictions.
  • Discussion of the model's applicability to animal models of ADHD.

Main Results:

  • The behavioral neuroenergetics model provides a framework for understanding the "phasic malnutrition of neurons" hypothesis for ADHD.
  • The model successfully predicts key behavioral data, specifically response times and their variance in decision-making tasks.
  • The model's predictions align with observed variability in ADHD.

Conclusions:

  • The behavioral neuroenergetics theory offers a plausible neurobiological explanation for the behavioral variability observed in ADHD.
  • This model has significant implications for interpreting behavioral data in both human and animal studies of ADHD.
  • Further research using animal models is warranted to validate and expand upon these findings.