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Related Experiment Videos

Insulin action is altered in hyperthyroidism.

A Suthijumroon1, E L Toth, P M Crockford

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton.

Clinical and Investigative Medicine. Medecine Clinique Et Experimentale
|December 1, 1988
PubMed
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Hyperthyroidism increases fasting glucose by raising hepatic glucose production, but oral glucose tolerance tests show minor insulin action defects. Insulin responsiveness is augmented at high insulin levels in thyrotoxicosis.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Research

Background:

  • Thyrotoxicosis, a state of excessive thyroid hormone, significantly impacts glucose metabolism and insulin action.
  • Understanding these metabolic alterations is crucial for managing hyperthyroid patients and preventing complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of hyperthyroidism on insulin action and glucose metabolism.
  • To compare insulin sensitivity and glucose disposal in hyperthyroid patients before and after treatment with radioactive iodine therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) and the euglycemic clamp technique.
  • Assessed monocyte insulin binding and dose-response curves.
  • Measured hepatic glucose production and glucose disposal rates.

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Main Results:

  • Hyperthyroid patients exhibited elevated fasting glucose levels and increased basal hepatic glucose production compared to euthyroid states.
  • OGTT revealed no significant differences in glucose or insulin levels post-glucose load.
  • Insulin receptor binding and affinity remained unchanged.
  • Glucose disposal was not different at low insulin levels but was enhanced at maximal insulin concentrations in thyrotoxicosis.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated fasting glucose in thyrotoxicosis is linked to increased hepatic glucose production.
  • Despite minor defects in oral glucose tolerance, insulin action is generally preserved.
  • Pharmacological insulin levels reveal augmented insulin responsiveness in hyperthyroid individuals.