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Polypeptide growth factors in bone matrix.

P V Hauschka1, T L Chen, A E Mavrakos

  • 1Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.

Ciba Foundation Symposium
|January 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary
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Bone contains numerous bone-derived growth factors (BDGFs) like PDGF and TGF-beta that influence cell activity. These factors, concentrated in bone matrix, play a key role in bone development and maintenance.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Bone extracellular matrix is rich in various polypeptide growth factors, termed bone-derived growth factors (BDGFs).
  • These BDGFs include platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1).
  • Osteoinductive factors like bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and osteogenin have also been identified.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the biological functions of BDGFs relevant to bone tissue.
  • To understand the mitogenic effects and phenotypic changes induced by BDGFs in osteoblast-like cells.
  • To explore the concentration and potential sources of BDGFs within bone.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro studies using primary rat osteoblast-like cells exposed to various BDGFs (mixed, TGF-beta, PDGF, aFGF, bFGF).

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  • Assessment of phenotypic changes including osteocalcin secretion, alkaline phosphatase activity, vitamin D3-stimulated synthesis, and collagen synthesis.
  • Analysis of mitogen concentration in bovine bone powder compared to serum.

    • Main Results:

    • BDGFs demonstrated a dose-dependent mitogenic effect on osteoblast-like cells.
    • Induced phenotypic changes included decreased osteocalcin secretion and synthesis, reduced alkaline phosphatase activity, and altered cyclic AMP responsiveness to PTH.
    • Collagen synthesis was increased following BDGF exposure.
    • Bovine bone powder showed significantly higher mitogen concentrations (up to 20 times) than serum.

    Conclusions:

    • BDGFs significantly impact osteoblast proliferation and function, altering key markers of bone metabolism.
    • Bone matrix is a highly concentrated source of mitogens, potentially released to act locally on bone cells and other cell types.
    • Further research using bioassays and in vivo models is needed to fully elucidate BDGF functions in bone development and maintenance.