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Related Concept Videos

Initiation of Translation02:33

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Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
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One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
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Regulated Protein Degradation02:58

Regulated Protein Degradation

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It is vital to regulate the activity of enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic proteins inside the cell. This can be achieved either through creating a balance between their rate of synthesis and degradation or regulating the intrinsic activity of the protein. Both these regulation mechanisms play an essential role in the normal functioning of cells.
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Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

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Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
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Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

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In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing...
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Molecular Chaperones and Protein Folding03:00

Molecular Chaperones and Protein Folding

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The native conformation of a protein is formed by interactions between the side chains of its constituent amino acids. When the amino acids cannot form these interactions, the protein cannot fold by itself and needs chaperones. Notably, chaperones do not relay any additional information required for the folding of polypeptides; the native conformation of a protein is determined solely by its amino acid sequence. Chaperones catalyze protein folding without being a part of the folded protein.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

The Goeckerman Regimen for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Psoriasis
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The Goeckerman Regimen for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Psoriasis

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Itch: an under-recognized problem in psoriasis.

B Elewski1, A F Alexis2, M Lebwohl2

  • 1Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA.

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV
|January 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Psoriasis itch is a common and severe symptom, often overlooked. Recent studies show standard psoriasis treatments also effectively reduce itch, improving patient quality of life.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Immunology
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Psoriasis was historically viewed as nonpruritic, leading to underappreciation of itch.
  • Emerging evidence highlights itch as a prevalent and burdensome symptom in nearly all psoriasis patients.
  • Itch significantly impacts patient well-being and quality of life, often affecting the scalp, legs, and hands.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology and pathophysiology of itch in psoriasis.
  • To highlight clinical data on treatments for psoriatic itch.
  • To provide practical considerations for recognizing and managing psoriatic itch.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological data on psoriatic itch.
  • Analysis of current understanding of psoriatic itch pathophysiology.
  • Evaluation of clinical data for various psoriasis treatments and their antipruritic effects.

Main Results:

  • Standard psoriasis treatments, including topical corticosteroids, vitamin D analogs, phototherapies, systemics, and biologics, demonstrate antipruritic benefits.
  • These treatments also lead to improved Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scores.
  • Clinical studies are increasingly including itch as a key outcome measure.

Conclusions:

  • Psoriatic itch is a significant symptom requiring greater recognition and management.
  • Current mainstay psoriasis therapies offer effective relief from itch alongside lesion treatment.
  • Further research into psoriatic itch pathophysiology and targeted treatments is warranted.