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Related Concept Videos

Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Hydronium and hydroxide ions are present both in pure water and in all aqueous solutions, and their concentrations are inversely proportional as determined by the ion product of water (Kw). The concentrations of these ions in a solution are often critical determinants of the solution’s properties and the chemical behaviors of its other solutes. Two different solutions can differ in their hydronium or hydroxide ion concentrations by a million, billion, or even trillion times. A common means of...
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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Density00:56

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Density is an important characteristic of substances, crucial in determining whether an object sinks or floats in a fluid. Its SI unit is kg/m3, and its cgs unit is g/cm3. The density of an object helps in identifying its composition, and also reveals information about the phase of the matter and its substructure. The densities of liquids and solids are roughly comparable, consistent with the fact that their atoms are in close contact. However, gases have much lower densities than liquids and...
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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

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While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
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Scaling01:26

Scaling

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In designing and analyzing filters, resonant circuits, or circuit analysis at large, working with standard element values like 1 ohm, 1 henry, or 1 farad can be convenient before scaling these values to more realistic figures. This approach is widely utilized by not employing realistic element values in numerous examples and problems; it simplifies mastering circuit analysis through convenient component values. The complexity of calculations is thereby reduced, with the understanding that...
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Cell Surface Receptor Identification Using Genome-Scale CRISPR/Cas9 Genetic Screens
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High-Density Cell Arrays for Genome-Scale Phenotypic Screening.

Vytaute Starkuviene1,2, Stefan M Kallenberger1,3, Nina Beil1

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Summary

High-density cell arrays (HD-CA) offer a cost- and time-efficient solution for cell-based screening. This miniaturized platform enables large-scale preclinical testing, reducing costs by 75% and simplifying complex experiments.

Keywords:
CRISPR-Cas9 gene editingEGF endocytosisKIF27cell arraysphenotypic screening

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Cell-based screening is crucial for preclinical development but is limited by high costs and time investment.
  • There is a need for efficient and cost-effective technologies to test diverse biologicals.
  • Existing methods often require significant infrastructure and resources.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel technology for miniaturized, cost- and time-efficient cell-based screening.
  • To introduce the high-density cell array (HD-CA) platform for preclinical development.
  • To demonstrate the applicability of HD-CA for large-scale phenotypic screening.

Main Methods:

  • Development of the high-density cell array (HD-CA) platform for miniaturized cell-based screening.
  • Implementation of preprinted, ready-to-run screening arrays.
  • Optimization of an automated imaging procedure for HD-CA.
  • Application of HD-CA for CRISPR-Cas9 and RNAi-mediated phenotypic assessment.

Main Results:

  • The HD-CA platform enables testing up to 24,576 samples in a single experiment.
  • HD-CA technology reduces costs and time for microscopy-based screening by 75%.
  • The platform facilitates genome-scale experiments in a parallel manner, reducing the need for robotics.
  • HD-CA allows efficient use of expensive reagents and rare cell lines.

Conclusions:

  • The HD-CA platform provides a significant advancement in cell-based screening technology.
  • HD-CA offers a cost-effective and time-efficient solution for preclinical development and biological testing.
  • The technology is suitable for large-scale phenotypic screening, including gene function studies using CRISPR-Cas9 and RNAi.