Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Classifying Matter by State02:49

Classifying Matter by State

103.2K
Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Matter is all around us; the air, water, soil, mountains, even our bodies are all examples of matter. Matter is divided into three states — solid, liquid, and gas — that are commonly found on earth. The fourth state of matter, plasma, occurs naturally in the interiors of stars. 
103.2K
Classifying Matter by Composition03:35

Classifying Matter by Composition

90.3K
Matter: Pure Substances and Mixtures
According to its composition, the matter can be classified into two broad categories — pure substances and mixtures. 
A pure substance is a form of matter that has a constant composition throughout with uniform properties. For example, any sample of sucrose has the same composition and same physical properties, such as melting point, color, and sweetness, regardless of the source from which it is isolated. 
A mixture is composed of two or...
90.3K
Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter02:57

Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter

166.2K
The characteristics that enable us to distinguish one substance from another are called properties.
166.2K
Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters01:19

Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters

7.2K
Enzymes like flippase, floppase, and scramblase transfer phospholipids from one layer to another in the membrane, thereby affecting membrane asymmetry.
Flippase
Eukaryotic flippases are type-IV P-type ATPases or P4-ATPases belonging to P-type ATPase family proteins that are membrane-bound pumps involved in the ATP-mediated transport of ions and molecules across the membrane. Flippases flip specific phospholipids from the outer to the inner leaflet of a membrane. All P4-ATPases have one...
7.2K
The Atomic Theory of Matter02:59

The Atomic Theory of Matter

127.8K
The earliest recorded discussion of the basic structure of matter comes from ancient Greek philosophers. Leucippus and Democritus argued that all matter was composed of small, finite particles that they called atomos, meaning “indivisible.” Later, Aristotle and others came to the conclusion that matter consisted of various combinations of the four “elements” — fire, earth, air, and water — and could be infinitely divided. Interestingly, these philosophers...
127.8K
What is Matter?01:13

What is Matter?

16.2K
The substance of the universe—from a grain of sand to a star—is called matter. Scientists define matter as anything that occupies space and has mass. An object’s mass and its weight are related concepts, but not quite the same. An object’s mass is the amount of matter contained in the object and is the same whether that object is on Earth or in the zero-gravity environment of outer space. An object’s weight, on the other hand, is its mass as affected by the pull of...
16.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Prior and new knowledge in language comprehension: Referent lifetime status versus biographical accomplishments.

Acta psychologica·2026
Same author

Impaired processing of time-critical language information in Parkinson's disease.

Parkinsonism & related disorders·2026
Same author

Eye-tracking context formality effects in German and Japanese sentence processing.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

The Role of the Visual Versus Verbal Modality in Learning Novel Verbs.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

SDMentor: A virtual reality-based intelligent tutoring system for surgical decision making in dentistry.

Artificial intelligence in medicine·2025
Same author

Register and morphosyntactic congruence during sentence processing in German: An eye-tracking study.

Acta psychologica·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Methods to Test Visual Attention Online
09:44

Methods to Test Visual Attention Online

Published on: February 19, 2015

12.5K

Does direction matter? Linguistic asymmetries reflected in visual attention.

Thomas Kluth1, Michele Burigo1, Holger Schultheis2

  • 1CITEC (Cognitive Interaction Technology Excellence Cluster), Bielefeld University, Inspiration 1, 33619 Bielefeld, Germany.

Cognition
|January 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Spatial language and visual attention interact. This study investigated attentional directionality but found geometric information also impacts spatial language understanding, improving computational models.

Keywords:
Cognitive modelingLanguage and visionSpatial languageSpatial relationsVisual attention

More Related Videos

A Methodology for Capturing Joint Visual Attention Using Mobile Eye-Trackers
12:39

A Methodology for Capturing Joint Visual Attention Using Mobile Eye-Trackers

Published on: January 18, 2020

8.2K
Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity
06:46

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity

Published on: March 18, 2019

7.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Methods to Test Visual Attention Online
09:44

Methods to Test Visual Attention Online

Published on: February 19, 2015

12.5K
A Methodology for Capturing Joint Visual Attention Using Mobile Eye-Trackers
12:39

A Methodology for Capturing Joint Visual Attention Using Mobile Eye-Trackers

Published on: January 18, 2020

8.2K
Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity
06:46

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity

Published on: March 18, 2019

7.5K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Computational Linguistics
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Spatial language often exhibits asymmetry, relating stable reference objects to less stable located objects.
  • It was hypothesized that linguistic asymmetry influences visual attention, directing it from reference to located objects.
  • Recent findings challenge this assumed directionality of attentional shifts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To empirically investigate the directionality of visual attention during spatial language processing.
  • To analyze computational cognitive models with varying attentional directionalities.
  • To identify factors influencing spatial language understanding beyond attentional shifts.

Main Methods:

  • An empirical study was conducted using predictions from computational cognitive models.
  • Computational models implementing different attentional directionalities were analyzed.
  • Model performance was evaluated against empirical data.

Main Results:

  • The study's results did not favor any specific implemented directionality of attention.
  • Two previously unknown sources of geometric information were identified as significant in spatial language understanding.
  • Modifications to computational models incorporating these geometric factors substantially improved their performance.

Conclusions:

  • The directionality of visual attention in spatial language processing is more complex than previously assumed.
  • Geometric information plays a crucial, underappreciated role in how humans understand spatial language.
  • Computational models of spatial language understanding can be significantly enhanced by incorporating geometric information.