Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Time-Lapse Epifluorescence Microscopy Imaging of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus Heterogeneous Phenotypes
07:44

Time-Lapse Epifluorescence Microscopy Imaging of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus Heterogeneous Phenotypes

Published on: February 14, 2025

1.6K

Mutant selection window of disinfectants for Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Masato Kawamura1, Shigeru Fujimura1, Koichi Tokuda2

  • 1Division of Clinical Infectious Disease & Chemotherapy, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan.

Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance
|January 27, 2019
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

This study determined the mutant selection window (MSW) for sodium hypochlorite against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Low disinfectant concentrations may not kill bacteria, but proper use is effective and inexpensive.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Antimicrobial Resistance
  • Disinfection

Background:

  • Disinfectants are crucial for controlling pathogenic bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
  • Understanding the mutant selection window (MSW) is vital to prevent the emergence of disinfectant resistance.
  • Sodium hypochlorite is a widely used, cost-effective disinfectant globally.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the MSW of various disinfectants against clinical isolates of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa.
  • To assess the potential for these bacteria to develop resistance to disinfectants.
  • To evaluate the bactericidal activity of disinfectants within their MSW.

Main Methods:

  • Collected 60 S. aureus (30 MRSA, 30 MSSA) and 30 P. aeruginosa isolates.
  • Determined minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and mutant prevention concentrations (MPCs).
  • Calculated the MSW for disinfectants, including sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl).

Main Results:

  • The MSW for sodium hypochlorite against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa was 4x, 8x, and 16x MIC.
  • Bacterial strains surviving within the NaOCl MSW remained at concentrations of ≤0.3% (≤3072μg/mL).

Conclusions:

  • Environmental disinfection with low NaOCl concentrations may not eradicate microorganisms.
  • Appropriate concentrations of sodium hypochlorite demonstrate bactericidal effects against pathogenic bacteria.
  • Proper use of inexpensive sodium hypochlorite is essential for effective disinfection.
Keywords:
DisinfectionMRSAMutant selection windowPseudomonas aeruginosaSodium hypochloriteStaphylococcus aureus

More Related Videos

Replication of the Ordered, Nonredundant Library of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PA14 Transposon Insertion Mutants11:35

Replication of the Ordered, Nonredundant Library of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PA14 Transposon Insertion Mutants

Published on: May 4, 2018

8.6K
Development and Assessment of Intracellular Infection Models for Staphylococcus aureus08:32

Development and Assessment of Intracellular Infection Models for Staphylococcus aureus

Published on: January 17, 2025

1.3K

Related Concept Videos

Cleaning, Sterilization, and Disinfection01:30

Cleaning, Sterilization, and Disinfection

Cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization are the methods that help to break the infection chain and prevent disease.
Cleaning
The cleaning process usually involves using water with detergents or enzymatic cleaner and removing foreign material from objects and surfaces, including organic material such as body fluids or inorganic material like soil. Cleaning is performed before high-level disinfection and sterilization because foreign materials on the cover of the devices interfere with process...
10.2K
What is Natural Selection?01:32

What is Natural Selection?

Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.
128.8K
Antibiotic Selection00:57

Antibiotic Selection

Overview
59.9K
Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
44.8K
Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
23.9K
Limits to Natural Selection01:38

Limits to Natural Selection

Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.
34.8K