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Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds...
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
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Author Spotlight: Advancing Tissue Regeneration and Disease Modeling with Dental Pulp Stem Cells
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Cellular senescence in dental pulp stem cells.

Christian Morsczeck1

  • 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.

Archives of Oral Biology
|January 28, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dental stem cells age and lose differentiation potential, secreting harmful factors. Targeting cellular senescence pathways, like AMPK, is key for stem cell therapies, but protocols to prevent aging are lacking.

Keywords:
AMPKCellular senescenceDental pulp stem cellsOdontogenic differentiationSIRT

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Dental Research

Background:

  • Dental stem cells are crucial for tissue regeneration.
  • Cellular senescence, or aging, impacts stem cell function and therapeutic potential.
  • Understanding dental stem cell aging is vital for clinical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on dental stem cell aging.
  • To identify potential targets for regulating cellular senescence in these cells.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search using keywords: stem cells, senescence, differentiation, dental pulp, dental follicle, periodontal ligament.
  • Review of existing studies on dental stem cell aging and senescence regulation.

Main Results:

  • Cellular senescence occurs during dental stem cell proliferation.
  • Senescent dental stem cells exhibit reduced differentiation potential.
  • Senescent cells release factors detrimental to surrounding tissues.
  • Potential senescence regulation targets include nutrient-sensing pathways like AMPK.

Conclusions:

  • Regulating cellular senescence is critical for effective stem cell therapy.
  • Current cell culture protocols do not prevent dental stem cell senescence.
  • Further research into molecular processes governing stem cell senescence is necessary.