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Precision Diabetes Is Slowly Becoming a Reality.
Viswanathan Mohan1, Venkatesan Radha2
1Department of Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Chennai, India, drmohans@diabetes.ind.in.
Summary
Precision medicine is revolutionizing diabetes care, particularly for monogenic forms. Identifying gene defects allows replacing insulin with oral medications, improving patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology and Metabolism
- Genetics and Genomics
- Personalized Medicine
Background:
- Precision medicine, leveraging big data and 'omics' (genomics, metabolomics, proteomics, transcriptomics), is advancing personalized healthcare.
- While precision approaches for polygenic diabetes (Type 1 and Type 2) are nascent, significant progress is seen in monogenic diabetes.
- Monogenic diabetes, including Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) and neonatal diabetes mellitus, shows promising advancements.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the current state and future potential of precision medicine in diabetes management.
- To highlight the successful application of precision diabetes in monogenic forms of the disease.
- To discuss the impact of genetic discoveries on diabetes treatment strategies.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on precision medicine and diabetes.
- Analysis of genetic data and 'omics' technologies in diabetes research.
- Clinical case examples illustrating precision diabetes in monogenic forms.
Main Results:
- Precision diabetes is a reality for monogenic diabetes, with genetic identification enabling treatment changes.
- In specific monogenic diabetes cases, insulin therapy can be replaced by oral sulfonylurea drugs upon identifying gene defects.
- Early-stage research shows potential for precision approaches in polygenic diabetes.
Conclusions:
- Precision diabetes offers transformative potential, especially in monogenic forms, by enabling targeted therapies.
- Advancements in genetic diagnostics are crucial for optimizing diabetes management and improving quality of life.
- The future of diabetes care lies in personalized treatment strategies driven by 'omics' data and genetic insights.
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