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Related Concept Videos

Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction01:24

Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction

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Esophageal varices are dilated, tortuous veins which are found mainly in the submucosa of the lower esophagus but which may also appear higher up or extend into the stomach. They develop due to increased pressure in the portal venous system, often as a result of liver cirrhosis. This condition scars and damages the liver, impeding normal blood flow through the portal vein. To compensate, blood seeks alternative pathways, forming fragile new vessels (varices) in the esophagus and stomach. These...
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Space Trusses01:25

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A space truss is a three-dimensional counterpart of a planar truss. These structures consist of members connected at their ends, often utilizing ball-and-socket joints to create a stable and versatile framework. The space truss is widely used in various construction projects due to its adaptability and capacity to withstand complex loads.
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State Space Representation01:27

State Space Representation

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The frequency-domain technique, commonly used in analyzing and designing feedback control systems, is effective for linear, time-invariant systems. However, it falls short when dealing with nonlinear, time-varying, and multiple-input multiple-output systems. The time-domain or state-space approach addresses these limitations by utilizing state variables to construct simultaneous, first-order differential equations, known as state equations, for an nth-order system.
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Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction01:22

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Esophageal perforation is a severe medical condition characterized by a breach in the integrity of the esophageal wall. This breach can occur due to various factors such as trauma, medical procedures, or underlying diseases. When the esophageal wall is compromised, it allows food, fluids, and digestive juices into the chest cavity or adjacent structures, leading to potential complications and health risks.
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Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

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Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
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Endoscopic Procedures III: Video Capsule Endoscopy01:28

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Capsule endoscopy, or wireless or video capsule endoscopy, is a diagnostic procedure for examining the entire gastrointestinal tract. Patients swallow a capsule about the size of a vitamin tablet. The capsule is equipped with a transmitter, a battery, an LED light source, and a color video camera to capture images throughout the gastrointestinal tract. This procedure is particularly useful for diagnosing conditions such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, tumors, polyps, ulcers,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Use of the Scissor-Type Knife During the Peroral Endoscopy Myotomy Procedure for the Treatment of Achalasia
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Esophageal Third Space Endoscopy: Recent Advances.

Malav P Parikh1, Niyati M Gupta1, Madhusudhan R Sanaka2

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.

Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology
|January 28, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Third space endoscopy, including peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM), has evolved significantly for esophageal disorders beyond achalasia. This minimally invasive approach offers surgical precision with reduced complications, with promising short-term outcomes.

Keywords:
Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM)Peroral endoscopic tunneling for restoration of the esophagus (POETRE)Submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection (STER)Submucosal tunneling endoscopic septum division (STESD)Third space endoscopy

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Last Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Use of the Scissor-Type Knife During the Peroral Endoscopy Myotomy Procedure for the Treatment of Achalasia
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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Minimally Invasive Surgery
  • Endoscopic Procedures

Background:

  • Third space endoscopy emerged in 2008 with the peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) procedure for achalasia.
  • Initially developed in Japan, POEM has seen global adoption and refinement over a decade.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent innovations and applications of third space endoscopy.
  • To highlight its use in managing a spectrum of esophageal disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent advancements in third space endoscopic techniques.
  • Analysis of expanded applications beyond achalasia treatment.

Main Results:

  • Third space endoscopy is now utilized for spastic esophageal disorders, subepithelial tumors, complete esophageal obstruction, and esophageal diverticula.
  • Innovations allow endoscopic access to previously inaccessible areas with enhanced surgical precision and reduced peri-operative morbidity.
  • Short- and mid-term outcomes are excellent, demonstrating the efficacy of this minimally invasive approach.

Conclusions:

  • Third space endoscopy represents a significant advancement in managing esophageal disorders.
  • While current outcomes are promising, long-term data is needed to establish these procedures as standard of care.